Building an Organ-Wide Macroscopic View of Cancer Hallmarks.

Despite an increasingly detailed understanding of cancer hallmarks at molecular or atomic resolution, most studies, however, fall short of investigating the systemic interactions of cancer with the human body. We propose to investigate the hallmarks of cancer from an organ-wide macroscopic view, discuss the challenges in preclinical and clinical research to study the cross-organ regulation of cancer together with potential directions to overcome these challenges, and foresee how this holistic view may be translated into more effective therapies.

Ferroptosis: a novel strategy to overcome chemoresistance in gynecological malignancies.

Ferroptosis is an iron-dependent form of cell death, distinct from apoptosis, necrosis, and autophagy, and is characterized by altered iron homeostasis, reduced defense against oxidative stress, and increased lipid peroxidation. Extensive research has demonstrated that ferroptosis plays a crucial role in the treatment of gynecological malignancies, offering new strategies for cancer prevention and therapy. However, chemotherapy resistance poses an urgent challenge, significantly hindering therapeutic efficacy.

The genomic and immunogenomic landscape of mechanics pathway informs clinical prognosis and response to mechanotherapy.

Mechanics shape cell and tissue plasticity and maintain their homeostasis. In cancers, mechanical signals regulate cancer hallmarks via mechanotransduction pathways, such as proliferation, metastasis and metabolic reprogramming. However, comprehensive characterization of mechanotransduction pathway genes and their clinical relevance across different cancer types remains untouched.

Impact Pressure Characteristics of Carbon Dioxide Phase Transition Fracturing Technique.

Carbon dioxide phase transition fracturing (CDPTF) is widely regarded as a promising coal seam mining technique because it can effectively improve coal seam permeability and prevent gas outbursts. An impact pressure test system of CDPTF was developed, and the effects of different factors on impact pressure were investigated by combining CO release experiments and smoothed particle hydrodynamics numerical simulation. In addition, based on the Peng-Robinson equation and the pipeline pressure drop formula, new mathematical models for the pressure equation in the buffer tank and the velocity of gaseous CO at the nozzle were established.

An overview and comprehensive analysis of interdisciplinary clinical research in endometriosis based on trial registry.

Endometriosis is a chronic multisystem disease associated with immunological, genetic, hormonal, psychological, and neuroscientific factors, leading to a significant socioeconomic impact worldwide. Though multidisciplinary management is the ideal approach, there remains a scarcity of published interdisciplinary clinical trials at present. Here, we have conducted a comprehensive analysis of the characteristics and issues of interdisciplinary trials on endometriosis based on the clinical registration database ClinicalTrials.

Lymphatic endothelial-like cells promote glioblastoma stem cell growth through cytokine-driven cholesterol metabolism.

Glioblastoma is the most lethal primary brain tumor with glioblastoma stem cells (GSCs) atop a cellular hierarchy. GSCs often reside in a perivascular niche, where they receive maintenance cues from endothelial cells, but the role of heterogeneous endothelial cell populations remains unresolved. Here, we show that lymphatic endothelial-like cells (LECs), while previously unrecognized in brain parenchyma, are present in glioblastomas and promote growth of CCR7-positive GSCs through CCL21 secretion.

Harnessing tumor immunogenomics: Tumor neoantigens in ovarian cancer and beyond.

Ovarian cancer is a major cause of death among gynecological cancers due to its highly aggressive nature. Immunotherapy has emerged as a promising avenue for ovarian cancer treatment, offering targeted approaches with reduced off-target effects. With the advent of next-generation sequencing, it has become possible to identify genomic alterations that can serve as potential targets for immunotherapy.

Artificial intelligence-based risk stratification, accurate diagnosis and treatment prediction in gynecologic oncology.

As data-driven science, artificial intelligence (AI) has paved a promising path toward an evolving health system teeming with thrilling opportunities for precision oncology. Notwithstanding the tremendous success of oncological AI in such fields as lung carcinoma, breast tumor and brain malignancy, less attention has been devoted to investigating the influence of AI on gynecologic oncology. Hereby, this review sheds light on the ever-increasing contribution of state-of-the-art AI techniques to the refined risk stratification and whole-course management of patients with gynecologic tumors, in particular, cervical, ovarian and endometrial cancer, centering on information and features extracted from clinical data (electronic health records), cancer imaging including radiological imaging, colposcopic images, cytological and histopathological digital images, and molecular profiling (genomics, transcriptomics, metabolomics and so forth).

Single-port robotic surgery using the EDGE SP1000 surgical system in gynaecology: Initial experience of a single institution.

Background: The EDGE SP1000 is a newly developed single-port (SP) robotic surgical system whose clinical evaluation in gynaecology has not yet been addressed.

Methods: This is a single-arm clinical trial evaluating the perioperative outcomes of patients receiving EDGE SP1000 assisted surgeries. Patients with either benign or malignant gynaecological diseases suitable for robotic surgery were included, and their data were prospectively collected.

Understanding endometriosis from an immunomicroenvironmental perspective.

Endometriosis, a heterogeneous, inflammatory, and estrogen-dependent gynecological disease defined by the presence and growth of endometrial tissues outside the lining of the uterus, affects approximately 5-10% of reproductive-age women, causing chronic pelvic pain and reduced fertility. Although the etiology of endometriosis is still elusive, emerging evidence supports the idea that immune dysregulation can promote the survival and growth of retrograde endometrial debris. Peritoneal macrophages and natural killer (NK) cells exhibit deficient cytotoxicity in the endometriotic microenvironment, leading to inefficient eradication of refluxed endometrial fragments.

A New Type of Endometrial Cancer Models in Mice Revealing the Functional Roles of Genetic Drivers and Exploring their Susceptibilities.

Endometrial cancer (EC) is the most common female reproductive tract cancer and its incidence has been continuously increasing in recent years. The underlying mechanisms of EC tumorigenesis remain unclear, and efficient target therapies are lacking, for both of which feasible endometrial cancer animal models are essential but currently limited. Here, an organoid and genome editing-based strategy to generate primary, orthotopic, and driver-defined ECs in mice is reported.

[Latest Findings on the Function of Immune Metabolism in Tumor Immunity].

Metabolic reprogramming, an important hallmark of cancer, helps cancer achieve rapid proliferation. Metabolic changes in tumors regulate multiple metabolic pathways of immune cells, thereby suppressing antitumor immunity. Recent studies have been focused on in-depth investigation into the changes in the metabolism of glucose, amino acids, and lipids.

Proteomics mining of cancer hallmarks on a single-cell resolution.

Dysregulated proteome is an essential contributor in carcinogenesis. Protein fluctuations fuel the progression of malignant transformation, such as uncontrolled proliferation, metastasis, and chemo/radiotherapy resistance, which severely impair therapeutic effectiveness and cause disease recurrence and eventually mortality among cancer patients. Cellular heterogeneity is widely observed in cancer and numerous cell subtypes have been characterized that greatly influence cancer progression.

Integrative multi-omics approaches to explore immune cell functions: Challenges and opportunities.

As modern biological sciences evolve from investigation of individual molecules and pathways to growing emphasis on global and systems-based processes, increasing efforts have focused on combining the study of genomics with that of the other omics technologies, including epigenomics, transcriptomics, quantitative proteomics, global analyses of post-translational modifications (PTMs) and metabolomics, to characterize specific biological or pathological processes. In addition, emerging genome-wide functional screening technologies further help researchers identify key regulators of immune functions. Derived from these multi-omics technologies, single cell sequencing analysis on multiple layers offers an overview of intra-tissue or intra-organ immune cell heterogeneity.

Targeting Microglial Metabolic Rewiring Synergizes with Immune-Checkpoint Blockade Therapy for Glioblastoma.

Unlabelled: Glioblastoma (GBM) constitutes the most lethal primary brain tumor for which immunotherapy has provided limited benefit. The unique brain immune landscape is reflected in a complex tumor immune microenvironment (TIME) in GBM. Here, single-cell sequencing of the GBM TIME revealed that microglia were under severe oxidative stress, which induced nuclear receptor subfamily 4 group A member 2 (NR4A2)-dependent transcriptional activity in microglia.

Metabolic hallmarks of natural killer cells in the tumor microenvironment and implications in cancer immunotherapy.

Natural killer (NK) cells belong to the early responder group against cancerous cells and viral infection. Emerging evidence reveals that distinct metabolic reprogramming occurs concurrently with activation and memory formation of NK cells. However, metabolism of NK cells is disturbed in the tumor immune microenvironment, which may promote tumor progression while limiting immunotherapy responses.

B-cell receptor repertoire sequencing: Deeper digging into the mechanisms and clinical aspects of immune-mediated diseases.

B cells play an essential role in adaptive immunity and are intimately correlated with pleiotropic immune-mediated diseases. Each B cell occupies a unique B cell receptor (BCR), and all BCRs throughout our body form "BCR repertoire." With the development of sequencing technology and coupled bioinformatics, accumulating evidence indicates that BCR repertoire largely varies under physiological and pathological conditions.

Crosstalk between mA regulators and mRNA during cancer progression.

mA modification, the most abundant and widespread RNA modification, is present and involved in the occurrence and development of various cancers. To date, most studies have mainly focused on the roles of a single mA regulator (writer/eraser/reader) in various cancers, but cumulative evidence shows that aberrant mA regulators and mA levels exert dual effects (promoting and/or inhibiting roles) in cancer progression. Recently, studies have investigated the direct interactions between different mA regulators (writer/eraser and reader) and mRNAs in a variety of cancers.