Mitigation and mechanism of low dose linoleic acid on depression caused by disorder of gut microbiome.

Objectives: Depression is a widely prevalent mental disorder, and nutritional interventions play an increasingly important role in its treatment. In this paper, effects of linoleic acid (LA) on depressive behavior in mice induced by gut microbiome disorders were investigated.

Methods: Fifty C57BL/6J male mice were randomly separated into five groups, control group (CK), ceftriaxone sodium group (CRO), low-dose linoleic acid group (LLA, 1 g/kg), medium-dose linoleic acid group (MLA, 2 g/kg), and high-dose linoleic acid group (HLA, 5 g/kg).

The relevance of DHA with modulating of host-gut microbiome signatures alterations and repairing of lipids metabolism shifts.

Huge of previous reports recommended that gut microbiome have a crucial role in the human health and its change was profound impact for the metabolic improvements associated with lipids metabolism. In order to explore the relevance of a direct dysbiosis effect of gut microbiome on lipids metabolism shifts and repaired position of DHA, we built the animal model for the study with gut microbiome dysbiosis administrated by i.g.

Gut microbiota shifts in patients with gastric cancer in perioperative period.

Gastric cancer (GC) is one of the common malignant tumors in China, with a high morbidity and mortality. With the development and application of high-throughput sequencing technologies and metagenomics, a great quantity of studies have shown that gastrointestinal microbiota is closely related to digestive system diseases. Although some studies have reported the effect of long-term follow-up after subtotal gastrectomy on intestinal flora changes in patients with GC.

Development of a novel assay of molecularly imprinted membrane by design-based gaussian pattern for vancomycin determination.

A molecularly imprinted membrane (MIM) with vancomycin (VCM) as a template and other related different material membranes (organic nylon microporous membranes, polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) membranes, polypropylene membranes) as a support respectively were synthesized by surface imprinting for the selective absorption of VCM, which can be used for pretreatment biological samples and rapid determination of VCM. The optimal ratio of template and functional monomer was 1:4, which was simulate by Gaussian, and the results showed that PVDF MIM had the best selectivity of the other three synthesized membranes to be used in the experiment. The maximum load on PVDF MIM was 23.

Gut microbiota signatures and lipids metabolism profiles by exposure to polyene phosphatidylcholine.

The aim of the study was to address the causality links and identify specific features of the gut microbiota signatures contributing to host lipids metabolism in the presence or absence of polyene phosphatidylcholine (PPC) administration, and evaluate potential risk of PPC consumption. About 20 C57BL/6J mice were randomly allocated into two groups, normal diet group (CK) and PPC administration group (205.2 mg/kg).

Short-Chain Fatty Acids Enhance the Lipid Accumulation of 3T3-L1 Cells by Modulating the Expression of Enzymes of Fatty Acid Metabolism.

Short-chain fatty acids (SCFA) such as acetic acid, propionic acid, and butyric acid are produced by fermentation by gut microbiota. In this paper, we investigate the effects of SCFA on 3T3-L1 cells and the underlying molecular mechanisms. The cells were treated with acetic acid, propionic acid, or butyric acid when cells were induced to differentiate into adipocytes.

NAFL screening score: A basic score identifying ultrasound-diagnosed non-alcoholic fatty liver.

Background: Several non-invasive diagnostic scores for non-alcoholic fatty liver (NAFL) have been developed, but the clinical application is limited because of their complexity.

Aim: To develop and validate an easy-to-calculate scoring system to identify ultrasound-diagnosed NAFL.

Methods: 48,489 patients from 2 centers were included in this study.

Synthesis and application of selective adsorbent for pirimicarb pesticides in aqueous media using allyl-β-cyclodextrin based binary functional monomers.

Background: Binary functional monomers, allyl-β-cyclodextrin (allyl-β-CD) and methacrylic acid (MAA) or allyl-β-CD and acrylonitrile (AN), were exploited in a fabrication of molecularly imprinted polymers (MIPs) for selective recognition and large enrichment of pirimicarb from aqueous media.

Results: Special attention was paid to the computational simulation of the imprinting molecular and functional monomers. The morphological characteristics of MIPs made of allyl-β-CD and MAA (M-MAA) were characterised by scanning electron microscopy.

Astaxanthin Inhibits PC-3 Xenograft Prostate Tumor Growth in Nude Mice.

Prostate cancer (PCa), the most common malignancy in men, is a major cause of cancer deaths. A better understanding of the mechanisms that drive tumor initiation and progression may identify actionable targets to improve treatment of this patient group. As a dietary carotenoid, astaxanthin has been demonstrated to exert beneficial effects against inflammation, cardiovascular disease, oxidative damage, or different cancer sites.

Effects of astaxanthin on oxidative stress induced by Cu in prostate cells.

Astaxanthin (AST), a carotenoid molecule extensively found in marine organisms and increasingly used as a dietary supplement, has been reported to have beneficial effects against oxidative stress. In the current paper, the effects of AST on viability of prostate cells were investigated by 3-[4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl]-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay; cell apoptosis and intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels were determined by flow cytometry; the mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) was measured by fluorospectrophotometer; and activities of malondialdehyde (MDA), superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) were evaluated by a detection kit. The results show that copper ion (Cu) induced apoptosis, along with the accumulation of intracellular ROS and MDA, in both prostate cell lines (RWPE-1 and PC-3).

The NAFL Risk Score: A simple scoring model to predict 4-y risk for non-alcoholic fatty liver.

Background: Although several risk factors for non-alcoholic fatty liver (NAFL) have been reported, there are few clinical scores that predict its incidence in the long term. We developed and validate a scoring model for individual prediction of 4-y risk for NAFL.

Methods: Four-year follow-up data of 8226 initially NAFL-free subjects enrolled for an annual physical examination from Wenzhou Medical Center were analyzed.

Serum alkaline phosphatase, a risk factor for non-alcoholic fatty liver, but only for women in their 30s and 40s: evidence from a large cohort study.

Background: Several risk factors are able to predict non-alcoholic fatty liver (NAFL) development, but the predictive value of serum alkaline phosphatase (ALP) remains uncertain. Our aim is to investigate the association between serum ALP levels and NAFL.

Methods: 21,331 NAFL-free subjects were included.

Dietary Guidelines for Chinese Residents (2016): comments and comparisons.

A high quality diet is believed to play a functional role in promoting the healthy growth of mankind and preventing many kinds of chronic degenerative diseases, including cancer, cardiovascular disease, diabetes, and obesity. Adherence to a high quality diet has been strongly associated with a lower risk of mortality. To help promote healthy lifestyles and physical strength, the Chinese government has produced a new revised version of the Dietary Guidelines for Chinese Residents (2016) and the Chinese Food Pagoda, as guidance for dietary intake among its population.

State-of-the-art applications of cyclodextrins as functional monomers in molecular imprinting techniques: a review.

As a versatile tool in separation science, cyclodextrins and their derivatives, known as emerging functional monomers, have been used extensively in molecular imprinting techniques. The attributes of cyclodextrins and their derivatives are widely known to form host-guest inclusion complex processes between the polymer and template. The exploitation of the imprinting technique could produce a product of molecularly imprinted polymers, which are very robust with long-term stability, reliability, cost-efficiency, and selectivity.

Effect of hypertension on bacteria composition of prostate biopsy in patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia and prostate cancer in PSA grey-zone.

Diagnostic prostate cancer (PC) is difficult to diagnose by prostate biopsy, even in patients with markedly elevated PSA levels. Therefore, we aimed to identify a new, better technique to detect PC in a more consistent manner. A variety of steps were employed to validate this proposed method, including DNA extraction, polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification, denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) and DGGE band sequencing.

Molecularly imprinted polymers as the extracted sorbents of clenbuterol ahead of liquid chromatographic determination.

A pre-treatment methodology for clenbuterol hydrochloride (CLEN) isolation and enrichment in a complex matrix environment was developed through exploiting molecularly imprinted polymers (MIPs). CLEN-imprinted polymers were synthesized by the combined use of ally-β-cyclodextrin (ally-β-CD) and methacrylic acid (MAA), allyl-β-CD and acrylonitrile (AN), and allyl-β-CD and methyl methacrylate (MMA) as the binary functional monomers. MAA-linked allyl-β-CD MIPs (M-MAA) were characterized by Fourier transform-infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy and a scanning electron microscope (SEM).

Effect of ω-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids on the growth of IEC-6 cells injured by heavy metals.

Environmental pollution is a current area of focus worldwide, particularly heavy metal pollution. Feasible prevention or therapeutic strategies are required. Exploration of the correlation between ω-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (ω-3 PUFAs) and intestinal epithelial cells injured by heavy metals may be of significance for intestinal health.

Effects of taurine on gut microbiota and metabolism in mice.

As being a necessary amino acid, taurine plays an important role in the regulation of neuroendocrine functions and nutrition. In this study, effects of taurine on mice gut microbes and metabolism were investigated. BALB/C mice were randomly divided into three experimental groups: The first group was administered saline (CK), the second was administered 165 mg/kg natural taurine (NE) and the third one administered 165 mg/kg synthetic taurine (CS).

Polyunsaturated fatty acids trigger apoptosis of colon cancer cells through a mitochondrial pathway.

Introduction: Colorectal cancer is common in developed countries. Polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) have been reported to possess tumoricidal action, but the exact mechanism of their action is not clear.

Material And Methods: In the present study, we studied the effect of various n-6 and n-3 fatty acids on the survival of the colon cancer cells LoVo and RKO and evaluated the possible involvement of a mitochondrial pathway in their ability to induce apoptosis.

Urinary microbiota in patients with prostate cancer and benign prostatic hyperplasia.

Introduction: Inflammation is associated with promotion of the initiation of various malignancies, partly due to bacterial infection-induced microenvironmental changes. However, the exact association between microbiota in urine, seminal fluid and the expressed prostatic secretions and benign prostatic hypertrophy and prostate cancer is not clear.

Material And Methods: In the present study, we investigated the type of microbiota in the expressed prostatic secretions (EPS) of patients with prostate cancer and benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) by the polymerase chain reaction-denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (PCR-DGGE) method using universal bacterial primers.

Polyunsaturated fatty acids augment tumoricidal action of 5-fluorouracil on gastric cancer cells by their action on vascular endothelial growth factor, tumor necrosis factor-α and lipid metabolism related factors.

Introduction: Gastric cancer is the second most common cause of cancer-related mortality worldwide. 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) is a commonly used anti-cancer drug. Various polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) are known to have tumoricidal action both in vitro and in vivo.

Growth inhibitory effect of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) on colon cancer cells via their growth inhibitory metabolites and fatty acid composition changes.

Background: Colorectal cancer is common. Polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) exert growth-inhibitory and pro-apoptotic effects on colon cancer cells. Metabolites of PUFAs such as prostaglandins (PGs), leukotrienes (LTs) and lipoxins (LXs) play a significant role in colon cancer.

The value of the apoB/apoAΙ ratio and the non-HDL-C/HDL-C ratio in predicting carotid atherosclerosis among Chinese individuals with metabolic syndrome: a cross-sectional study.

Background: Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is associated with carotid intima-media thickness (CIMT), which is a good predictor of cardiovascular disease (CVD). However, among individuals with MetS, direct comparative data regarding the utility of the apoB/apoAΙ ratio and the non-HDL-C/HDL-C ratio to diagnose carotid atherosclerosis are scarce, particularly in Chinese populations. We aimed to determine the relationship between the apoB/apoAΙ ratio and the non-HDL-C/HDL-C ratio and carotid atherosclerosis among Chinese individuals with MetS.

A cross-sectional study of the relationship between serum liver enzymes level and the incidence of impaired fasting glucose in males and females.

Background: The aim of this study was to investigate the possible correlation between levels of serum liver enzymes and impaired fasting glucose (IFG) in Chinese adults and to provide a new perspective for the prevention of pre-diabetes.

Material/methods: Serum liver enzymes of the samples including alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), and g-glutamyl transferase (GGT), as well as plasma glucose, blood lipids, and insulin, were measured. The cumulative incidences of IFG between different quartiles of liver enzymes were compared by the chi-square test.