Detection of mutation profiles and tumor mutation burden of cerebrospinal fluid circulating DNA by a cancer genomic panel sequencing in glioma patients.

Background And Aims: Circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) has been recognized as a reliable source to reflect the molecular and genetic landscape of corresponding tumors in recent years. In this study, we tested the application of a cancer genomic panel sequencing on the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)-derived ctDNA for the less invasive detection and diagnosis of glioma.

Materials And Methods: CtDNA was extracted from 26 CSF samples and subject to a cancer genomic panel sequencing of 520 genes to analyze the mutation profiles and tumor mutation burden (TMB), which were compared with their corresponding tumor DNA samples.

Modified Nasoseptal Rescue Flap Technique for Pituitary Adenoma Resection via Endoscopic Endonasal Approach.

Nasoseptal rescue flap (NSRF), which preserves the pedicle of the flap and is harvested as a nasoseptal flap (NSF) when intraoperative leakage of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) occurs, is an alternative strategy for skull base reconstruction in patients with pituitary adenoma resection via an endoscopic endonasal approach. However, in practice, the original NSRF technique cannot meet the needs during operation. Therefore, the authors aimed to describe a modified NSRF technique for the resection of pituitary adenoma via endoscopic endonasal approach and to examine its utility and outcomes.

Analysis of the Expression of Angioarchitecture-related Factors in Patients with Cerebral Arteriovenous Malformation.

Background: Cerebral arteriovenous malformation (cAVM) is a type of vascular malformation associated with vascular remodeling, hemodynamic imbalance, and inflammation. We detected four angioarchitecture-related cytokines to make a better understanding of the potential aberrant signaling in the pathogenesis of cAVM and found useful proteins in predicting the risk of cerebral hemorrhage.

Methods: Immunohistochemical analysis was conducted on specimens from twenty patients with cAVM diagnosed via magnetic resonance imaging and digital subtraction angiography and twenty primary epilepsy controls using antibodies against vascular endothelial growth factor receptor-2 (VEGFR-2), matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9), vascular cell adhesion molecule (VCAM-1), and endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS).

Characterizing nanoscale changes in the activity of VEGFR-2 on glioma microvascular endothelial cell membranes using atomic force microscopy.

The aim of the current study was to demonstrate the distribution of VEGFR-2 on glioma microvascular endothelial cells on a nanoscale and investigate changes in VEGFR-2 activity following treatment with the VEGFR-2 inhibitor and agonist sorafenib and bradykinin, respectively. Three groups were evaluated in this study: Control glioma microvascular endothelial cells, sorafenib-treated glioma microvascular endothelial cells and bradykinin-treated glioma microvascular endothelial cells. Changes in the activity of VEGFR-2 on the glioma microvascular endothelial cell membranes following treatment with sorafenib and bradykinin were characterized by atomic force microscopy (AFM).

Clinical Features of Brain Metastases in Small Cell Lung Cancer: an Implication for Hippocampal Sparing Whole Brain Radiation Therapy.

Purpose: To assess the clinical features and distribution of brain metastases (BMs) of small cell lung cancer (SCLC) in the hippocampal and perihippocampal region, with the purpose of exploring the viability of hippocampal-sparing whole-brain radiation therapy (HS-WBRT) on reducing neurocognitive deficits.

Methods: This was a retrospective analysis of the clinical characteristics and patterns of BMs in patients with SCLC. Associations between the clinical characteristics and hippocampal metastases (HMs)/perihippocampal metastases (PHMs) were evaluated in univariate and multivariate regression analyses.

Combination of lentivirus-mediated silencing of PPM1D and temozolomide chemotherapy eradicates malignant glioma through cell apoptosis and cell cycle arrest.

Temozolomide (TMZ) is approved for use as first-line treatment for glioblastoma multiforme (GBM). However, GBM shows chemoresistance shortly after the initiation of treatment. In order to detect whether silencing of human protein phosphatase 1D magnesium dependent (PPM1D) gene could increase the effects of TMZ in glioma cells, glioma cells U87-MG were infected with lentiviral shRNA vector targeting PPM1D silencing.

Brain abscess after endosaccular embolisation of a cerebral aneurysm.

Endovascular embolization has become an important treatment option for cerebral aneurysms, along with surgical clipping. But few literatures mentioned infectious complications after coiling of aneurysms. We present a patient with a brain abscess that developed after endosaccular embolization of a left middle cerebral artery aneurysm.

Macrophage migration inhibitory factor reduces apoptosis in cerebral arteriovenous malformations.

Purpose: To investigate the expression of macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) in human brain arteriovenous malformations (AVM).

Materials And Methods: Twelve AVM specimens were obtained from patients who did not received preoperative embolization. MIF levels were measured by Western blot and matrix metalloproteinase 9 (MMP9) levels were measured by reverse transcription PCR.

[Neuroendoscopic treatment for 372 cases of intracranial lesions].

Objective: To explore the application of neuroendoscopic treatment for intracranial lesions.

Methods: The clinic data of 372 patients with intracranial lesions, who underwent neuroendoscopic treatment at our department from May 1998 to May 2010, were reviewed retrospectively. Representative endoscopic treatments included endoscopic third ventriculostomy (ETV) (n = 198), ETV & endoscopic biopsy (n = 69), neuroendoscopic ostomy for septum pellucidum fenestration (n = 55) (for septum pellucidum cysts, n = 37) and endoscopic cystoventriculostomy for ventricular cysts (n = 50).

A study of the distribution and density of the VEGFR-2 receptor on glioma microvascular endothelial cell membranes.

The purpose of the study was to examine the nanoscale distribution and density of the VEGFR-2 membrane receptor on the endothelial cell surface of glioma microvasculature. Immunofluorescence and atomic force microscopy combined with immunogold labeling techniques were used to characterize and determine the position of the glioma microvasculature endothelial cell surface receptor VEGFR-2. We aimed to indirectly detect the distribution of VEGFR-2 on the cell membrane at the nanoscale level and to analyze VEGFR-2 quantitatively.

[Application of neuroendoscopy in brain surgery].

Objective: To investigate the effect of neuroendoscope on surgery.

Methods: 315 patients were treated with neuroendoscope. Endoscopic neurosurgery (EN) was used in 219 patients, endoscope-assisted microneurosurgery (EAM) in 72, and endoscope-controlled microneurosurgery (ECM) in 24.