Evaluation of the Genotoxicity of Almond Hull: Implications for Its Use as a Novel Food Ingredient.

Almond hull, a substantial byproduct comprising more than half of almond fresh weight, has recently gained attention due to its functionality and sustainability benefits. Despite heightened interest, information regarding its toxicity remains limited. In order to assess its genotoxic potential, we conducted Good Laboratory Practice-compliant in vitro and in vivo studies following Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) guidelines.

Untargeted metabolomics based on ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry/MS reveals the lipid-lowering mechanism of taurine in hyperlipidemia mice.

Introduction: Taurine has a prominent lipid-lowering effect on hyperlipidemia. However, a comprehensive analysis of the effects of taurine on endogenous metabolites in hyperlipidemia has not been documented. This study aimed to explore the impact of taurine on multiple metabolites associated with hyperlipidemia.

Acute Oral Toxicity Evaluation of Almond Hull Powders in BALB/c Mice.

Almond hull, a substantial byproduct constituting more than half of almond fresh weight, has garnered recent attention due to its abundance in fiber and bioactive content. Despite this huge interest, data on its toxicity remain scarce. In line with the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) 423 guidelines, this study conducted an acute oral toxicity test using almond hull powders processed from three major almond varieties of Butte, Monterey, and Nonpareil on BALB/c female mice, administering dosages of 300 mg/kg body weight (bw), 2000 mg/kg bw, and 5000 mg/kg bw, with observations over a 14-day period.

Effects of fruits and vegetables on gut microbiota in a mouse model of metabolic syndrome induced by high-fat diet.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of fruit and vegetable intake on gut microbiota using a mouse model of metabolic syndrome (MS) induced by a high-fat diet. Forty-eight male mice were randomly divided into four groups, control group (C), high-fat diet-fed model group (H), high fat plus low intake of fruits and vegetables diet-fed group (H.LFV), high fat plus high intake of fruits and vegetables diet-fed group (H.

Evaluation of China Healthy Lifestyle for All Interventions Based on RE-AIM Framework - China, 2007-2020.

What Is Already Known About This Topic?: Since the launch of China Healthy Lifestyle for All (CHLA), each action area has been evaluated at the local level and effective results have been achieved in most areas.

What Is Added By This Report?: Based on the Reach, Effectiveness, Adoption, Implementation, and Maintenance (RE-AIM) model, the study found that there is an imbalance in the development of CHLA, and some of the action goals and indicators are not satisfactory.

What Are The Implications For Public Health Practices?: A national action evaluation index system should be built to ensure the sustainability and scientific nature of this strategy.

Effects of Message Framing and Time Discounting on Health Communication for Optimum Cardiovascular Disease and Stroke Prevention (EMT-OCSP): a protocol for a pragmatic, multicentre, observer-blinded, 12-month randomised controlled study.

Introduction: Primary prevention of cardiovascular disease (CVD) and stroke often fails due to poor adherence among patients to evidence-based prevention recommendations. The proper formatting of messages portraying CVD and stroke risks and interventional benefits may promote individuals' perception and motivation, adherence to healthy plans and eventual success in achieving risk control. The main objective of this study is to determine whether risk and intervention communication strategies (gain-framed vs loss-framed and long-term vs short-term contexts) and potential interaction thereof have different effects on the optimisation of adherence to clinical preventive management for the endpoint of CVD risk reduction among subjects with at least one CVD risk factor.

The effects of air pollution and meteorological factors on measles cases in Lanzhou, China.

By collecting daily data on measles cases, air pollutants, and meteorological data from 2005 to 2009 in Chengguan District of Lanzhou City, semi-parametric generalized additive model (GAM) was used to quantitatively study the impact of air pollutants and meteorological factors on daily measles cases. The results showed that air pollutants and meteorological factors had effect on the number of daily measles cases, and there was a certain lag effect. Except for SO and relative humidity, other factors showed statistically significant associations with daily measles cases: NO lag 6 days, PM and maximum temperature lag 5 days, minimum temperature and average temperature and average air pressure lag 4 days, visibility, and wind speed lag 3 days had the greatest impact on the number of daily measles cases.

A regulatory insertion-deletion polymorphism in the FADS gene cluster influences PUFA and lipid profiles among Chinese adults: a population-based study.

Background: Arachidonic acid (AA) is the major polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) substrate for potent eicosanoid signaling to modulate inflammation and thrombosis and is controlled in part by tissue abundance. Fatty acid desaturase 1 (FADS1) catalyzes synthesis of omega-6 (n-3) AA and n-3 eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA). The rs66698963 polymorphism, a 22-base pair (bp) insertion-deletion 137 bp downstream of a sterol regulatory element in FADS2 intron 1, mediates expression of FADS1 in vitro, as well as exerting positive selection in several human populations.

Dietary Patterns Associated with Cognitive Function among the Older People in Underdeveloped Regions: Finding from the NCDFaC Study.

Although dietary patterns are crucial to cognitive function, associations of dietary patterns with cognitive function have not yet been fully understood. This cross-sectional study explored dietary patterns associated with cognitive function among the older adults in underdeveloped regions, using 1504 community-dwelling older adults aged 60 and over. Diet was assessed using a food frequency questionnaire and 24-h dietary recall.

The associations between plasma phytoestrogens concentration and metabolic syndrome risks in Chinese population.

Metabolic syndrome (MetS) has become an important issue in the healthcare systems of both developed and developing countries. Phytoestrogens have shown estrogenic effects, which may involve in the etiology of MetS. The current study consisted of 293 MetS cases and 264 healthy controls.

Metabolic Syndrome Among Adults in China: The 2010 China Noncommunicable Disease Surveillance.

Context: In China, data on the prevalence of metabolic syndrome have been rare recently.

Objective: The objective of the study was to evaluate the prevalence of metabolic syndrome and its components in 2010.

Design, Setting, And Participants: The study covered all 31 provinces of mainland China and consisted of a nationally representative population sample of 98,658 Chinese adults aged ≥18 years.

Plasma glucose and hemoglobin A1c for the detection of diabetes in Chinese adults.

Background: The aim of the present study was to evaluate the performance of plasma glucose (PG) and HbA1c for the detection of diabetes in the general population in China.

Methods: A cross-sectional analysis was conducted in a nationally representative sample of 98,658 Chinese adults aged ≥18 years. Fasting plasma glucose and HbA1c levels were measured in all participants after at least a 10-h overnight fast.

Association between PM10 and respiratory hospital admissions in different seasons in heavily polluted Lanzhou City.

Exposure-response relationship between particulate matter less than 10 μm in diameter (PM10) and human health in different seasons from 2001 to 2005 was examined based on hospital admissions data of respiratory system diseases from four major hospitals in Lanzhou, China. To quantify associations of respiratory system diseases with multiple air pollutants and meteorological conditions, a semiparametric generalized additive model was used in the authors' study by implementing daily ambient sulfur dioxide, nitrogen dioxide, and PM10 data collected from the Lanzhou Environmental Monitoring Station and daily meteorological data from Lanzhou Meteorological Bureau. Results showed that daily averaged PM10 increased per interquartile range the hospital admissions number of respiratory diseases by 3.

Air pollution and hospital admissions for respiratory diseases in Lanzhou, China.

Lanzhou is among the most seriously air-polluted cities in China as a whole, due to its unique topography, climate, industrial structure and so on. We studied the relationship between different air pollution and respiratory hospitalizations from 2001 to 2005, the total of respiratory hospital admissions were 28,057. The data were analyzed using Poisson regression models after controlling for the long time trend for air pollutants, the "day of week" effect and confounding meteorological factors.

Prevalence and control of diabetes in Chinese adults.

Importance: Noncommunicable chronic diseases have become the leading causes of mortality and disease burden worldwide.

Objective: To investigate the prevalence of diabetes and glycemic control in the Chinese adult population.

Design, Setting, And Participants: Using a complex, multistage, probability sampling design, we conducted a cross-sectional survey in a nationally representative sample of 98,658 Chinese adults in 2010.

[Awareness rate, treatment rate and control rate of dyslipidemia in Chinese adults, 2010].

Objective: To explore the awareness, treatment and control rates of dyslipidemia among Chinese adults aged over 18 in 2010, and to analyze the prevalent features.

Methods: 97 409 subjects aged over 18 were recruited from 162 monitoring sites around 31 provinces in China mainland in 2010, applying multi-stage stratified cluster random sampling method. Information about subjects' history of dyslipidemia, treatment and control were collected by face-to-face interview; and each subject's fasting venous blood was drawn in the morning before having food, to test total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), high density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-C) and low density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-C).

[The levels and distribution of the serum lipids in Chinese adults, 2010].

Objective: To study the levels of blood lipid among Chinese adults in 2010 and analyze the epidemiological features.

Methods: Fasting serum levels of total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), high density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-C) and low density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-C) were determined for 90 395 subjects aged 18 and over who were selected by multi stage cluster random sampling method from 162 surveillance sites of 31 provinces of China mainland in 2010. After complex weighting, the differences of levels of serum total TC, TG, HDL-C and LDL-C were analyzed in different age, gender and geographic regions.

Calcineurin B subunit acts as a potential agent for preventing cardiac ischemia/reperfusion injury.

Calcineurin B subunit (CnB) is the regulatory subunit of calcineurin (Cn), a Ca(2+)/calmodulin-dependent serine/threonine protein phosphatase. It has been reported that mice deleting the CnB gene lose nearly all Cn activity and show poor tolerance to cardiac stress; CnB gene expression is downregulated in the hearts of rats that have suffered ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury. Therefore, we wonder whether injection of exogenous CnB protein can prevent the rats from suffering I/R injury.

[Epidemiologic characteristics of dyslipidemia in Chinese adults 2010].

Objective: To understand the prevalence of hypercholesterolemia, high blood low density lipoprotein cholesterol, low blood high density lipoprotein cholesterol and hypertriglyceridemia among Chinese adults in 2010.

Methods: Levels of triglyceride (TG), low density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-C), high density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-C) and total cholesterol (TC) were determined in fasting serum for subjects who were selected by multi-stage stratified cluster random sampling in from 162 surveillance points of 31 provinces in 2010. Prevalence of hypercholesterolemia, high blood LDL-C, low blood HDL-C and hypertriglyceridemia of 97 409 subjects was analyzed.