Mapping the evolution of anti-diabetic polysaccharides research: Trends, collaborations, and emerging frontiers.

Diabetes Mellitus, characterized by insufficient insulin secretion, pancreatic beta cell damage, or insulin resistance, is the third most prevalent chronic metabolic disease worldwide. Polysaccharides, biocompatible natural macromolecules, have garnered significant attention for their potential in modulating diabetes through various mechanisms. Despite extensive studies, a comprehensive and impartial evaluation of anti-diabetic polysaccharides (ATDPs) research is still lacking.

Optimization of Extraction Process, Structural Characterization, and Antioxidant and Hypoglycemic Activity Evaluation of Polysaccharides From the Medicinal and Edible Plant: Cistanche deserticola Ma.

Introduction: Cistanche deserticola Ma (CD), an edible and medicinal plant native to Xinjiang, Inner Mongolia, and Gansu in China, is rich in bioactive polysaccharides known for their health-promoting properties. The polysaccharides of C. deserticola (CDPs) have been shown to possess a range of beneficial activities, including immunomodulatory, anti-aging, antioxidant, and anti-osteoporosis effects.

Advance in Cistanche deserticola Y. C. Ma. polysaccharides: Isolation, structural characterization, bioactivities and application: A review.

Cistanche deserticola Y. C. Ma (CD), is mainly distributed in the regions of China (Xinjiang, Inner Mongolia, Gansu), Mongolia, Iran and India.

Adipocyte IRE1α promotes PGC1α mRNA decay and restrains adaptive thermogenesis.

Adipose tissue undergoes thermogenic remodeling in response to thermal stress and metabolic cues, playing a crucial role in regulating energy expenditure and metabolic homeostasis. Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress is associated with adipose dysfunction in obesity and metabolic disease. It remains unclear, however, if ER stress-signaling in adipocytes mechanistically mediates dysregulation of thermogenic fat.

Cutaneous metastasis from esophageal squamous cell carcinoma: A case report.

Background: Esophageal cancer is a common cause of cancer-related death worldwide. Cutaneous metastasis of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma is rare, particularly in diffuse skin metastasis.

Case Summary: In this case report, we describe an 82-year-old male who was diagnosed with esophageal squamous cell carcinoma.

Phosphorylation at Ser of the ER stress sensor IRE1α governs its activation state and limits ER stress-induced hepatosteatosis.

Inositol-requiring enzyme 1 (IRE1) is an evolutionarily conserved sensor of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and mediates a key branch of the unfolded protein response in eukaryotic cells. It is an ER-resident transmembrane protein that possesses Ser/Thr protein kinase and endoribonuclease (RNase) activities in its cytoplasmic region. IRE1 is activated through dimerization/oligomerization and autophosphorylation at multiple sites, acting through its RNase activity to restore the functional capacity of the ER.

IL-27 signalling promotes adipocyte thermogenesis and energy expenditure.

Thermogenesis in brown and beige adipose tissue has important roles in maintaining body temperature and countering the development of metabolic disorders such as obesity and type 2 diabetes. Although much is known about commitment and activation of brown and beige adipose tissue, its multiple and abundant immunological factors have not been well characterized. Here we define a critical role of IL-27-IL-27Rα signalling in improving thermogenesis, protecting against diet-induced obesity and ameliorating insulin resistance.

IRE1α regulates skeletal muscle regeneration through Myostatin mRNA decay.

Skeletal muscle can undergo a regenerative process from injury or disease to preserve muscle mass and function, which is critically influenced by cellular stress responses. Inositol-requiring enzyme 1 (IRE1) is an ancient endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress sensor and mediates a key branch of the unfolded protein response (UPR). In mammals, IRE1α is implicated in the homeostatic control of stress responses during tissue injury and regeneration.

[Effect of electrothermal acupuncture on moderate to severe cancer pain with -cold stagnation: a randomized controlled trial].

Objective: To observe the effectiveness and safety of electrothermal acupuncture therapy for patients of moderate to severe cancer pain with -cold stagnation.

Methods: A total of 60 patients of moderate to severe cancer pain with -cold stagnation were randomized into an observation group and a control group, 30 cases in each one. In the control group, opioid painkillers (oxycodone hydrochloride prolonged-release tablet or morphine sulfate sustained-release tablet) were taken.

Efficacy of immunotherapy with PD-1 inhibitor in colorectal cancer: a meta-analysis.

PD-1 inhibitors have a leading role among immunotherapy while its efficacy on colorectal cancer (CRC) patients did not reach consensus and the small sample size remains as a limitation. Therefore, we undertook a meta-analysis on the effects of the monotherapy anti-PD-1 inhibitors in treating metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC). We searched databases to identify studies on efficacy of anti-PD-1 inhibitor on CRC.

Protective effect of ShaoYao decoction on colitis-associated colorectal cancer by inducing Nrf2 signaling pathway.

Ethnopharmacological Relevance: Ulcerative colitis were prone to develop into ulcerrelated colorectal cancer with high risk of mortality. Shaoyao Decoction (SYD), a compound prescription of Chinese traditional medicine, was reported to have anti-colorectal cancer effect. Thus this study mainly investigated the protective and preventive effect of SYD against oxidative damages and inflamatory response through in vivo and in vitro experiments.

[Electrothermal acupuncture in the prevention and treatment of chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting:a randomized controlled trial].

Objective: To observe the effectiveness and safety of electrothermal acupuncture in the prevention and treatment of chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting (CINV) in the cancerous patients of phlegm-stasis interaction in cisplatin-containing chemotherapy.

Methods: Sixty cases of phlegm-stasis interaction in cisplatin-containing chemotherapy were randomized into a trial group and a control group, 30 cases in each one. In the control group, the intravenous drip of granisetron hydrochloride injection was adopted, 3 mg before and after cisplatin-containing chemotherapy 30 min, continuously for 3 days.

The metabolic ER stress sensor IRE1α suppresses alternative activation of macrophages and impairs energy expenditure in obesity.

Obesity is associated with metabolic inflammation and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, both of which promote metabolic disease progression. Adipose tissue macrophages (ATMs) are key players orchestrating metabolic inflammation, and ER stress enhances macrophage activation. However, whether ER stress pathways underlie ATM regulation of energy homeostasis remains unclear.

Effects of Yishengukang decoction on expression of bone-specific alkaline phosphatase, carboxyterminal propeptide of type Ⅰ procollagen, and carboxyterminal cross-linked telepeptide of type Ⅰ collagen in malignant tumor patients with bone metastasis.

Objective: To investigate the effect of Yishengukang decoction on the expression of the metabolic bone markers, bone-specific alkaline phosphatase (BAP), carboxyterminal propeptide of type Ⅰ procollagen (PICP), and arboxyterminal cross-linked telepeptide of type Ⅰ collagen (ICTP), in cancer patients with bone metastasis.

Methods: Patients (n = 180) were divided into three groups: (a) bone metastasis patients treated with Yishengukang and pamidronate disodium injection (treatment group, n = 60); (b) bone metastasis patients treated with pamidronate disodium injection alone (control group, n = 60); (c) cancer patients without metastatic bone lesion (non-bone metastasis group, n = 60). Serum levels of the metabolic markers BAP, PICP, and ICTP were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay pre- and post-therapy.

The Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress Sensor IRE1α in Intestinal Epithelial Cells Is Essential for Protecting against Colitis.

Intestinal epithelial cells (IECs) have critical roles in maintaining homeostasis of intestinal epithelium. Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress is implicated in intestinal epithelium homeostasis and inflammatory bowel disease; however, it remains elusive whether IRE1α, a major sensor of ER stress, is directly involved in these processes. We demonstrate here that genetic ablation of Ire1α in IECs leads to spontaneous colitis in mice.

Neuronal Cbl controls biosynthesis of insulin-like peptides in Drosophila melanogaster.

The Cbl family proteins function as both E3 ubiquitin ligases and adaptor proteins to regulate various cellular signaling events, including the insulin/insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF1) and epidermal growth factor (EGF) pathways. These pathways play essential roles in growth, development, metabolism, and survival. Here we show that in Drosophila melanogaster, Drosophila Cbl (dCbl) regulates longevity and carbohydrate metabolism through downregulating the production of Drosophila insulin-like peptides (dILPs) in the brain.

Antimalarial artesunate protects sepsis model mice against heat-killed Escherichia coli challenge by decreasing TLR4, TLR9 mRNA expressions and transcription factor NF-kappa B activation.

Bacterial DNA (bDNA) and lipopolysaccharide (LPS) are potent activators of immune cells such as monocytes and macrophages, which contribute to systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS) and sepsis. Unfortunately, many experimental inflammatory antagonist-based therapies have failed in sepsis trials, and currently there is only one adjuvant therapy in clinical use, e.g.

[Clone, expression and identification of penicillin binding protein 2a of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus isolated from patients].

Objective: To clone, express and identify the mecA fragment which encoded penicillin binding protein 2a (PBP2a) from methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) isolated from patients by gene recombination method.

Methods: According to the sequence of mecA gene recorded in GenBank, the primer of mecA fragment which encoded amino acids 25 - 668 of PBP2a was designed. Then the mecA fragment was amplified by PCR and cloned into pQE30 plasmid.