Single-Nucleus RNA Sequencing Reveals the Spatiotemporal Dynamics of Disease-Associated Microglia in Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis.

Disease-associated microglia (DAM) are observed in neurodegenerative diseases, demyelinating disorders, and aging. However, the spatiotemporal dynamics and evolutionary trajectory of DAM during the progression of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) remain unclear. Using a mouse model of ALS that expresses a human gene mutation, we found that the microglia subtype DAM begins to appear following motor neuron degeneration, primarily in the brain stem and spinal cord.

Genomic signatures underlying the oogenesis of the ectoparasitic mite Varroa destructor on its new host Apis mellifera.

Introduction: Host shift of parasites may have devastating effects on the novel hosts. One remarkable example is that of the ectoparasitic mite Varroa destructor, which has shifted its host from Eastern honey bees (Apis cerana) to Western honey bees (Apis mellifera) and posed a global threat to apiculture.

Objectives: To identify the genetic factors underlying the reproduction of host-shifted V.

Toward accurate diagnosis and surveillance of bacterial infections using enhanced strain-level metagenomic next-generation sequencing of infected body fluids.

Metagenomic next-generation sequencing (mNGS) enables comprehensive pathogen detection and has become increasingly popular in clinical diagnosis. The distinct pathogenic traits between strains require mNGS to achieve a strain-level resolution, but an equivocal concept of 'strain' as well as the low pathogen loads in most clinical specimens hinders such strain awareness. Here we introduce a metagenomic intra-species typing (MIST) tool (https://github.

Multi-Epitope Vaccine Design Using an Immunoinformatic Approach for SARS-CoV-2.

Through 4 June 2021, COVID-19 has caused over 172.84 million cases of infection and 3.71 million deaths worldwide.

A Novel Risk Model Based on Lipid Metabolism-Associated Genes Predicts Prognosis and Indicates Immune Microenvironment in Breast Cancer.

Background: Breast cancer (BRCA) is the most common tumor in women, and lipid metabolism involvement has been demonstrated in its tumorigenesis and development. However, the role of lipid metabolism-associated genes (LMAGs) in the immune microenvironment and prognosis of BRCA remains unclear.

Methods: A total of 1076 patients with BRCA were extracted from The Cancer Genome Atlas database and randomly assigned to the training cohort ( = 760) or validation cohort ( = 316).

Phylogeny, recombination, and invasiveness of group B Streptococcus revealed by genomic comparisons of its global strains.

Capsular polysaccharide (CPS) genes and pilus islands encode important virulence factors for group B Streptococcus (GBS) genomes. This study aims to detect phylogenetic inconsistency in CPS genes and pilus islands in GBSs and to explore its relationship with invasiveness. A total of 1016 GBS genomes were downloaded from the NCBI public database.

BacWGSTdb 2.0: a one-stop repository for bacterial whole-genome sequence typing and source tracking.

An increasing prevalence of hospital acquired infections and foodborne illnesses caused by pathogenic and multidrug-resistant bacteria has stimulated a pressing need for benchtop computational techniques to rapidly and accurately classify bacteria from genomic sequence data, and based on that, to trace the source of infection. BacWGSTdb (http://bacdb.org/BacWGSTdb) is a free publicly accessible database we have developed for bacterial whole-genome sequence typing and source tracking.

Complete genome sequence of Salmonella enterica serovar Sendai shows H antigen convergence with S. Miami and recent divergence from S. Paratyphi A.

Background: Salmonella enterica consists of over 2500 serovars and displays dichotomy in disease manifestations and host range. Except for the enrichment of pseudogenes in genomes for human-restricted serovars, no hallmark has been identified to distinguish those with host-generalist serovars. The serovar Sendai is rare and human-restricted.