N-Acetylcysteine Alleviates Necrotizing Enterocolitis by Depressing SESN2 Expression to Inhibit Ferroptosis in Intestinal Epithelial Cells.

Abstract-Necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) is a severe gastrointestinal disease in neonates, and effective strategies to prevent and treat NEC are still lacking. Studies have shown that N-acetylcysteine (NAC) has protective effects against NEC, however, the specific mechanism underlying its effects on intestinal functions remains unclear. Recently, NAC has been shown to suppress ferroptosis in many diseases, while it is unclear whether the beneficial effects of NAC on NEC are related to ferroptosis.

Quantitative Proteomic Analysis Identifying and Evaluating TRAF6 and IL-8 as Potential Diagnostic Biomarkers in Neonatal Patients with Necrotizing Enterocolitis.

Necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) is a common gastrointestinal complication in premature infants, resulting in high morbidity and mortality, and its early detection is crucial for accurate treatment and outcome prediction. Extensive research has demonstrated a clear correlation between NEC and extremely low birth weight, degree of preterm, formula feeding, infection, hypoxic/ischemic damage, and intestinal dysbiosis. The development of noninvasive biomarkers of NEC from stool, urine, and serum has attracted a great deal of interest because to these clinical connections and the quest for a deeper knowledge of disease pathophysiology.

Deciphering the role of TNF‑α‑induced protein 8‑like 2 in the pathogenesis of necrotizing enterocolitis in neonatal rats.

Neonatal necrotizing enterocolitis (NNEC) is a disease characterized by intestinal inflammation and ischemic necrosis. Despite progress having been made during decades of research, details regarding its pathophysiology remain to be elucidated. It is known that abnormal expressions of TNF-α-induced protein 8-like 2 (TIPE2) can be observed in several diseases.

Clinical characteristics of hospitalized term and preterm infants with community-acquired viral pneumonia.

Background: Pneumonia is a serious problem that threatens the health of newborns. This study aimed to investigate the clinical characteristics of hospitalized term and preterm infants with community-acquired viral pneumonia.

Methods: This was a retrospective analysis of cases of community-acquired viral pneumonia in the Neonatal Department.

The potential value of plasma receptor interacting protein 3 in neonates with culture-positive late-onset sepsis.

Background: Late-onset sepsis (LOS) is a systemic inflammatory response syndrome in neonates, and the molecular mechanism of LOS is incompletely characterized. The purpose of this study was to explore the potential value of receptor interacting protein 3 (RIP3) in LOS.

Methods: 63 neonates with LOS supported by positive culture and 79 neonates without sepsis were enrolled in this study from September 2019 to March 2021.

Nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain (NOD) plays an important role in neonatal infection.

Objective: To explore the expression and function of nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain (NOD) proteins NOD1 and NOD2 and provide guidance for prophylaxis and treatment of neonatal infection.

Methods: Peripheral blood samples were collected from preterm infants, term infants and, healthy adult volunteers. A portion of collected blood was used to examine the expression of NOD1 and NOD2 by real-time PCR.

FTY720 attenuates intestinal injury and suppresses inflammation in experimental necrotizing enterocolitis via modulating CXCL5/CXCR2 axis.

Necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) remains one of the leading causes of death in neonatal infants and new therapeutic strategies for NEC are urgently required. The immunomodulatory agent FTY720 has been shown to have protective effects in various inflammatory diseases. In this study, we hypothesized that treatment with FTY720 confers protection against experimental NEC.

Interleukin 17 is an important pathogenicity gene in pediatric sepsis.

Objective: Sepsis represents a complex disease with the dysregulated inflammatory response. The purpose of this study is to explore the role of interleukin 17 (IL-17, also known as IL-17A) in the occurrence and development of pediatric sepsis.

Methods: We established the sepsis neonatal rat model with the method of intraperitoneal injection of Escherichia coli (E coli).

The epidemiology and clinical features of Mycoplasma pneumoniae infection in neonates.

Objectives: This retrospective study was aimed to explore the epidemiological and clinical profiles of Mycoplasma pneumoniae infection in neonates.

Methods: From 2011 to 2014, 1322 hospitalized neonates with lower respiratory tract infections were screened for Mycoplasma pneumoniae by detection of Mycoplasma pneumoniae antibodies using Serion ELISA classic Mycoplasma pneumoniae kits.

Results: Mycoplasma pneumoniae was identified in 89 (6.

[Comparison of clinical features of purulent meningitis between small-for-gestational-age and appropriate-for-gestational-age infants].

Objective: To study the differences in the clinical features of purulent meningitis (PM) between small-for-gestational-age (SGA) and appropriate-for-gestational-age (AGA) infants.

Methods: The clinical data of 58 full-term infants with PM were analyzed retrospectively. The infants were classified into a SGA group (13 cases) and an AGA group (45 cases) according to their birth weight and gestational age.

Inefficient antimicrobial functions of innate phagocytes render infant mice more susceptible to bacterial infection.

Neonates and infants, due to the immaturity in their adaptive immunity, are thought to depend largely on the innate immune system for protection against bacterial infection. However, the innate immunity-mediated antimicrobial response in neonates and infants is incompletely characterized. Here, we report that infant mice were more susceptible to microbial sepsis than adult mice, with significantly reduced bacterial clearance from the circulation and visceral organs.

Minimally invasive video-assisted thyroidectomy for the early-stage differential thyroid carcinoma.

Background: Minimally invasive video-assisted thyroidectomy (MIVAT), the modified Miccoli's thyroid surgery, is the most widespread minimally invasive technique and has been widely used for treatment of thyroid disease. This study aimed to verify the potential benefits of the modified Miccoli's thyroid surgery, determine the feasibility of the MIVAT for early-stage differential thyroid carcinoma and evaluate the likelihood of the surgical method as a standard operation for early malignant thyroid carcinoma.

Methods: A total of 135 patients were retrospectively compared which included two groups of patients: the first group underwent the conventional thyroidectomy; the other group underwent MIVAT.

Mouse model of plasma cell mastitis.

Background: Plasma cell mastitis is distinct from the common form of mastitis and clinically resembles breast carcinoma. The lesion occurs in non-lactating young women, and the incidence rate is rising. Surgical resection is the main treatment, but cannot prevent recurrence of the disease.

[Urinary tract infections in the neonatal intensive care unit: clinical analysis of 229 cases].

Objective: To study the clinical features, distribution of pathogens, drug susceptibility, and treatment effectiveness in neonates with urinary tract infection (UTI) and admitted to the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU).

Methods: The clinical data of 229 neonates who developed UTI during their stay in the NICU were retrospectively studied.

Results: The main clinical manifestations of these children included fever/irregular body temperature, refusing to milk feeding, jaundice, vomiting, diarrhea, poor weight gain, and lethargy.

[Medical image segmentation based on the minimum variation snake model].

It is difficult for traditional parametric active contour (Snake) model to deal with automatic segmentation of weak edge medical image. After analyzing snake and geometric active contour model, a minimum variation snake model was proposed and successfully applied to weak edge medical image segmentation. This proposed model replaces constant force in the balloon snake model by variable force incorporating foreground and background two regions information.

Three-dimensional plasma field reconstruction with multiobjective optimization emission spectral tomography.

A novel emission spectral tomography algorithm based on multiobjective optimization is proposed. Its reconstruction results for asymmetrical emission coefficient fields are studied with computer simulation. The results show that this algorithm provides a significant improvement in reconstruction precision and convergence over traditional algorithms and is suitable for real-time reconstruction of an emission-coefficient field with incomplete data.