The battle between infectious bronchitis virus and innate immunity: A mini review.

Infectious bronchitis virus (IBV) is the causative agent of infectious bronchitis (IB), leading to acute or persistent infections in poultry. IBV triggers innate immune response, and the production of interferon (IFN) varies depending on the viral strains and host cell types. To evade the host immune system, IBV has developed numerous immune escape strategies.

Comparative proteomic analysis of PK-15 cells infected with wild-type strain and its EP0 gene-deleted mutant strain of pseudorabies virus.

Importance: As one of the main etiologic agents of infectious diseases in pigs, pseudorabies virus (PRV) infections have caused enormous economic losses worldwide. EP0, one of the PRV early proteins (EP) plays a vital role in PRV infections, but the mechanisms are unclear.

Objective: This study examined the function of EP0 to provide a direction for its in-depth analysis.

Identification of a broadly neutralizing epitope within Gc protein of Akabane virus using newly prepared neutralizing monoclonal antibodies.

Akabane virus (AKAV) is characterized by abortion, stillbirth, premature birth, and congenital deformities in livestock and is widely distributed throughout Australia, Southeast Asia, East Asia, the Middle East, and Africa. Gc protein is the major neutralizing target of AKAV and is often considered as an immunogen to prepare neutralizing antibodies. In this study, we prepared and characterized three monoclonal antibodies (mAbs), 4D1, 4E6, and 4F12, against the Gc protein of AKAV (TJ2016 strain).

Avian coronavirus infectious bronchitis virus Beaudette strain NSP9 interacts with STAT1 and inhibits its phosphorylation to facilitate viral replication.

Avian coronavirus, known as infectious bronchitis virus (IBV), is the causative agent of infectious bronchitis (IB). Viral nonstructural proteins play important roles in viral replication and immune modulation. IBV NSP9 is a component of the RNA replication complex for viral replication.

Pathogenicity and immune modulation of porcine circovirus 3.

Porcine circoviruses (PCVs) are members of the genus of the family , and four species of PCVs have been discovered and named PCV1-PCV4, respectively. With the first report of PCV3 in America in 2016, the pathogenic variant was found to be associated with various clinical features, called porcine circovirus associated disease (PCVAD), including multisystemic inflammation, porcine dermatitis and nephropathy syndrome (PDNS), reproductive disorders, respiratory or digestive disorders. Increasing experimental data have shown that PCV3 is widespread around the world, but the failure of virus isolation and propagation has put obstacles in the way of PCV3 research.

A new H9 influenza virus mRNA vaccine elicits robust protective immunity against infection.

Avian influenza virus (AIV) poses a great threat to the poultry industry and public health. However commercial vaccines only provide limited immunity due to rapid virus mutation and rearrangement. Here, we developed an mRNA-lipid nanoparticle (mRNA-LNP) vaccine expressing AIV immunogenic protein hemagglutinin (HA) and also assessed its safety and immune-protection efficacy in vivo.

IL-1β induced by PRRSV co-infection inhibited CSFV C-strain proliferation via the TLR4/NF-κB/MAPK pathways and the NLRP3 inflammasome.

PRRSV and CSFV are both the main pathogens of pigs and pose great threats to the pig industry. Previous studies have shown that PRRSV infection or attenuated virus vaccination can reduce the antibody level of attenuated CSFV vaccine and even cause immune failure. The higher pro-inflammatory cytokines induced by PRRSV might play a significant role in inhibiting the proliferation of CSFV-C.

Proteomic Analysis of Vero Cells Infected with Pseudorabies Virus.

Suid herpesvirus 1 (SuHV-1), known as pseudorabies virus (PRV), is one of the most devastating swine pathogens in China, particularly the sudden occurrence of PRV variants in 2011. The higher pathogenicity and cross-species transmission potential of the newly emerged variants caused not only colossal economic losses, but also threatened public health. To uncover the underlying pathogenesis of PRV variants, Tandem Mass Tag (TMT)-based proteomic analysis was performed to quantitatively screen the differentially expressed cellular proteins in PRV-infected Vero cells.

Detection of pseudorabies virus with a real-time recombinase-aided amplification assay.

Pseudorabies (PR) is an acute infectious disease of pigs caused by pseudorabies virus (PRV), which has caused great economic losses to the pig industry worldwide. Reliable and timely diagnose is crucial for the surveillance, control and eradication of PR. Here, a real-time fluorescent recombinase-aided amplification (real-time RAA) assay was established to detect PRV.

Development of a fluorescent probe-based real-time reverse transcription recombinase-aided amplification assay for the rapid detection of classical swine fever virus.

Classical swine fever (CSF), which is caused by the CSF virus (CSFV), remains one of the most economically important diseases of the global swine industry. Rapid and reliable detection of CSFV is critical for controlling CSF. In this study, a novel fluorescent probe-based real-time reverse transcription recombinase-aided amplification (rRT-RAA) assay, targeting a highly conserved position within the 5' non-translated region (5'NTR) among all CSFV genotypes, was developed for the detection of CSFV.

Pseudorabies virus infection inhibits stress granules formation via dephosphorylating eIF2α.

Pseudorabies virus (PRV) is one of the most notorious pathogens in the global pig industry. During infection, viruses may evolve various strategies, such as modulating stress granules (SGs) formation, to create an optimal surroundings for viral replication. However, the interplay between PRV infection and SGs formation remains largely unknown.

TNF-α induced by porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus inhibits the replication of classical swine fever virus C-strain.

Porcine productive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) and classical swine fever virus (CSFV) both are major pathogens of swine that pose a great threat to the Chinese pig industry. It has been found that PRRSV infection can lead to vaccination failure of CSFV C strain-derived modified live vaccine (CSFV-C) by interfering with the immune responses to the latter. To investigate whether PRRSV can suppress CSFV-C replication, we created a 3D4/21-based cell line PAM39 that is susceptible to both viruses by expressing PRRSV receptors CD163 and CD169, and then investigated their interplay under the condition of either sequential or simultaneous co-infection.