Single particle characteristics and ice nucleation potential of particles collected during Asian dust storms in 2021.

Dust storms have great impacts on air quality and climate. Dust can influence cloud microphysical properties and determine their radiative forcing and precipitation. Asian dust storms (ADS) are important sources of global aerosol.

Pd(II)-Catalyzed Site-Selective Cross Coupling Reaction: Synthesis of Highly Fluorescent Aryl-Formyl-Chromenes and its Iminoantipyrine Analogues as Selective AChE Inhibitors.

A versatile and efficient chemo selective synthesis of 4-aryl-3-formyl-2H-chromenes (AFC) was undertaken using Pd-catalyzed cross-coupling conditions. The key oxidative transmetalation was successfully applied to a significant range of substitutions on the chromene moiety and aryl ring in Ar(BOH), accommodating both electron-rich and electron-deficient groups. These π-extended scaffolds exhibited green-yellow fluorescence with a large Stokes shift and high quantum yield.

Clinicopathological Analysis of Epstein-Barr Virus-Positive Inflammatory Follicular Dendritic Cell Sarcoma of the Spleen: A Case Report.

Objective: The present study aims to explore the clinicopathological characteristics of Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)-positive inflammatory follicular dendritic cell sarcoma (IFDCS; EBV+ IFDCS).

Case Report: The case involved a 32-year-old woman who underwent surgical resection of a splenic nodule. Histological examination and immunohistochemistry were performed using cluster of differentiation (CD) markers, and in-situ hybridization was conducted to detect EBV-encoded RNA (EBER).

A Frequent Diagnostic Pitfall: Dermatological Clinical Features and Pathological Results in Diagnosing Pagetoid Squamous Cell Carcinoma in situ (Case Series).

Squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) in situ can occur on any skin or mucus surface and is more commonly found in elderly patients on areas of skin that have been sunburnt. Most previous case reports are from dermatologists, with few published reports from pathologists. In this study, three patients underwent pathological routine and auxiliary immunohistochemical (IHC) examination and were ultimately diagnosed with pagetoid SCC in situ - a different diagnosis from the initial clinical assessment.

A hyper-knowledge graph system for research on AI ethics cases.

Current studies on the artificial intelligence (AI) ethics focus either on very broad guidelines or on a very special domain. Therefore, the research outcome can hardly be converted into actionable measures or transferred to other domains. Potential correlations between various cases of AI ethics at different granularity levels are unexplored.

Enhanced FRER Mechanism in Time-Sensitive Networking for Reliable Edge Computing.

Time-Sensitive Networking (TSN) and edge computing are promising networking technologies for the future of the Industrial Internet. TSN provides a reliable and deterministic low-latency communication service for edge computing. The Frame Replication and Elimination for Reliability (FRER) mechanism is important for improving the network reliability of TSN.

Comprehensive characterization of polyproline tri-helix macrocyclic nanoscaffolds for predictive ligand positioning.

Multivalent ligands hold promise for enhancing avidity and selectivity to simultaneously target multimeric proteins, as well as potentially modulating receptor signaling in pharmaceutical applications. Essential for these manipulations are nanosized scaffolds that precisely control ligand display patterns, which can be achieved by using polyproline oligo-helix macrocyclic nanoscaffolds selective binding to protein oligomers and cell surface receptors. This work focuses on synthesis and structural characterization of different-sized polyproline tri-helix macrocyclic (PP3M) scaffolds.

Effect of Temperature-Dependent Low Oxygen Partial Pressure Annealing on SiC MOS.

Oxygen post annealing is a promising method for improving the quality of the SiC metal oxide semiconductor (MOS) interface without the introduction of foreign atoms. In addition, a low oxygen partial pressure annealing atmosphere would prevent the additional oxidation of SiC, inhibiting the generation of new defects. This work focuses on the effect and mechanism of low oxygen partial pressure annealing at different temperatures (900-1250 °C) in the SiO/SiC stack.

Bidirectional association between major depressive disorder and dementia: Two population-based cohort studies in Taiwan.

Background: Major depressive disorder (MDD) and dementia are both major contributors to the global burden of disease. Despite existing literature on the association between MDD and dementia, there is a lack of a nationwide longitudinal cohort study that considers the competing risk of death. Therefore, this study assessed the bidirectional associations between MDD and dementia over an 11-year period in population-based settings, accounting for death as a competing risk.

Structural basis of interleukin-17B receptor in complex with a neutralizing antibody for guiding humanization and affinity maturation.

Upregulation of interleukin-17 receptor B (IL-17RB) is known to be oncogenic, while other IL-17 receptors and ligands are generally involved in pro-inflammatory pathways. We identify a mouse neutralizing monoclonal antibody (mAb) D9, which blocks the IL-17RB/IL-17B pathway and inhibits pancreatic tumorigenesis in an orthotopic mouse model. The X-ray crystal structure of the IL-17RB ectodomain in complex with its neutralizing antibody D9 shows that D9 binds to a predicted ligand binding interface and engages with the A'-A loop of IL-17RB fibronectin III domain 1 in a unique conformational state.

Fixed complex electrograms during sinus rhythm and local pacing: potential ablation targets for persistent atrial fibrillation.

In atrial fibrillation (AF) patients, complex electrograms during sinus rhythm (C-EGMs) could be pathological or not. We aimed to demonstrate whether local pacing was helpful to discern pathological C-EGMs. 126 persistent AF patients and 27 patients with left-side accessory pathway (LAP) underwent left atrial mapping during sinus rhythm.

Relationship between the time point of left atrial size change and the outcomes of radiofrequency catheter ablation.

Purpose: The change in the left atrial anteroposterior diameter (LAD) after radiofrequency catheter ablation (RFCA) for atrial fibrillation (AF) has become an independent factor in predicting the postoperative curative effect; however, whether the specific time point of this change is related to the postoperative curative effect is unclear. The purpose of this study was to explore the correlation between the specific time point of LAD change and the recurrence of AF 1 year after RFCA.

Methods: Patients with AF who underwent RFCA in our hospital from July 2016 to May 2020 were enrolled in the study.

Design and synthesis of fluorinated peptides for analysis of fluorous effects on the interconversion of polyproline helices.

The unique interaction between fluorine atoms has been exploited to alter protein structures and to develop synthetic and analytical applications. To expand such fluorous interaction for novel applications, polyproline peptides represent an excellent molecular nanoscaffold for controlling the presentation of perfluoroalkyl groups on their unique secondary structure. We develop approaches to synthesis fluorinated peptides to systematically investigate how the number, location and types of the fluorous groups on polyproline affect the conformation by monitoring the transition between the two major polyproline structures PPI and PPII.

Left Atrial Appendage Morphology and Local Thrombogenesis-Related Blood Parameters in Patients With Atrial Fibrillation.

Background Left atrial appendage (LAA) morphology predicts stroke risk in patients with atrial fibrillation. However, it is not precisely understood how LAA morphology influences stroke risk. The present study aimed to investigate the relationship between LAA morphology and local thrombogenesis-related blood parameters in LAA.

Preparation and conformational analysis of polyproline tri-helix macrocycle nanoscaffolds of varied sizes.

Ligand patterns at the nanoscale are essential in modulating biological recognition and signaling through binding to receptor oligomers. Biocompatible nanoscaffolds that allow precise control of multiple ligand presentation would be of great use in manipulating cellular processes and understanding membrane receptor biology. We have previously developed tri-helix and tetra-helix macrocycle scaffolds based on the Pro9 peptide helix to control ligand arrangements that can selectively target receptor oligomers.

Synthesis of Asymmetric -Glycans as Common Core Substrates for Structural Diversification through Selective Enzymatic Glycosylation.

-glycans on the cell surface provide distinct signatures that are recognized by different glycan-binding proteins (GBPs) and pathogens. Most glycans in humans are asymmetric and isomeric, yet their biological functions are not well understood due to their lack of availability for studies. In this work, we have developed an improved strategy for asymmetric -glycan assembly and diversification using designed common core substrates prepared chemically for selective enzymatic fucosylation and sialylation.

Two-temperature Collisional-radiative Modeling of Partially Ionized O-Ar Mixtures over 8000-10,000 K Behind Reflected Shock Waves.

The collisional excitation kinetics of atomic oxygen was studied behind reflected shock waves using tunable diode laser absorption spectroscopy. A test gas mixture of 1% O/Ar was shock-heated to temperatures between 8000 and 10,000 K and pressures between 0.15 and 1 atm.

Reactivity of NO with Porous and Conductive Copper Azobispyridine Metallopolymers.

We report the reactivity of copper azobispyridine (abpy) metallopolymers with nitrogen dioxide (NO). The porous and conductive [Cu(abpy)] mixed-valence metallopolymers undergo a redox reaction with NO, resulting in the disproportionation of NO gas. Solid- and gas-phase vibrational spectroscopy and X-ray analysis of the reaction products of the NO-dosed metallopolymer show evidence of nitrate ions and nitric oxide gas.

Polyproline Tri-Helix Macrocycles as Nanosized Scaffolds to Control Ligand Patterns for Selective Protein Oligomer Interactions.

Multivalent ligand-receptor interactions play essential roles in biological recognition and signaling. As the receptor arrangement on the cell surface can alter the outcome of cell signaling and also provide spatial specificity for ligand binding, controlling the presentation of ligands has become a promising strategy to manipulate or selectively target protein receptors. The lack of adjustable universal tools to control ligand positions at the size of a few nanometers has prompted the development of polyproline tri-helix macrocycles as scaffolds to present ligands in designated patterns.

A left common pulmonary vein: Anatomical variant predicting good outcomes of repeat catheter ablation for atrial fibrillation.

Introduction: A left common pulmonary vein (LCPV) is a common anatomical variant in atrial fibrillation (AF) patients. Whether an LCPV influences outcomes of repeated radiofrequency catheter ablation (RFCA) for AF has not been elucidated.

Methods: From a prospectively collected database, we enrolled 154 patients who received repeated RFCA for recurrent AF after the initial RFCA (56 ± 9 years, 72% paroxysmal AF, 32 patients with an LCPV, and 122 patients with typical left-sided pulmonary veins [PVs]).

Quantitative 2-D OH thermometry using spectrally resolved planar laser-induced fluorescence.

A novel method is presented for quantitative two-dimensional temperature measurement in combustion gases. This method, namely spectrally resolved planar laser-induced fluorescence thermometry, utilizes a high-power, wavelength-tunable and narrow-linewidth CW laser to access the spectral lineshapes of a key combustion intermediate, the hydroxyl radical (OH), and enables high-fidelity and calibration-free quantification of non-uniform temperature fields in complex reacting flows. Specifically, the R(11)/R(7) line pair of the OH AΣ-XΠ(0,0) rovibronic band was probed with laser radiation near 306.

Strategy and Effects of Polyproline Peptide Stapling by Copper(I)-Catalyzed Alkyne-Azide Cycloaddition Reaction.

Polyproline is a unique type of peptide that has a stable, robust, and well-defined helical structure in an aqueous environment. These features have allowed polyproline to be used as a nanosized scaffold for applications in chemical biology and related fields. To understand its structural properties and to expand the applications, this secondary structure was tested systematically by stapling the peptide at different locations with staples of various lengths.

Ultra-sensitive spectroscopy of OH radical in high-temperature transient reactions.

The hydroxyl (OH) radical is arguably the most important transient radical in high-temperature gas-phase combustion reactions, yet it is very difficult to measure because of its high reactivity and, thus, short lifetime and low concentration. This work reports the development of a novel method for ultra-sensitive, quantitative, and microsecond-resolved detection of OH based on UV frequency-modulation spectroscopy (FMS). To the best of the authors' knowledge, this is the first FMS demonstration in the near-UV spectral region for detection of short-lived radical species.