The role of nonhistone lactylation in disease.

In 2019, a novel post-translational modification termed lactylation was identified, which established a connection among lactate, transcriptional regulation and epigenetics. Lactate, which is traditionally viewed as a metabolic byproduct, is now recognized for its significant functional role, including modulating the tumor microenvironment, engaging in signaling and interfering in immune regulation. While research on lactylation (KLA) is advancing, the focus has primarily been on histone lactylation.

B7-H3 enhances colorectal cancer progression by regulating HB-EGF via HIF-1α.

Background: B7-H3 (or CD276) represents an important costimulatory molecule expressed in many malignant solid tumors, including colorectal cancer (CRC). The receptor of B7-H3 is not known, and the intracellular function of B7-H3 remains obscure. Herein, we report that B7-H3 upregulated the epidermal growth factor heparin-binding epidermal growth factor (HB-EGF), likely by regulating hypoxia-inducible factor 1α (HIF-1α) and thereby promoting the progression of CRC.

Exoskeleton type long-period fiber grating for cross-talk-resistance single-parameter measurement.

This paper proposes a new, to the best of our knowledge, design framework of long-period fiber grating (LPFG) sensors resistant to multi-parameter cross talk. A section of hollow quartz capillary (HQC), which acts as an exoskeleton, is periodically merged with a single-mode fiber (SMF) by the arc-discharge method. The mechanical stress in the SMF is released while the thermal stress is enhanced after a high-temperature fusion process.

Co-linear common-path shearography with a zero-approaching shear amount and separate control of the spatial carrier for single-shot phase measurement.

A co-linear common-path shearography is proposed with spatial phase shift for single-shot phase measurement. The co-linear common-path configuration brings an enhanced robustness and stability of the measuring system, because the two laterally sheared interfering object waves propagate essentially along the same path, which cancels out the disturbance and noise in surroundings. Two functional features, which break through the limitations in conventional co-linear common-path shearography, are proposed and implemented, namely the zero-approaching shear amount and the separate control of the spatial carrier.

Super-compact shearography based on a single diffractive optical element with 3-in-1 phase mask.

This Letter communicates a new, to the best of our knowledge, designing framework of shearography. The three elementary functional parts of quantitative shearography, namely imaging, shearing, and phase shifting, are integrated into a single diffractive optical element (DOE), named a 3-in-1 phase mask. The idea breaks through the conventional designing routine of shearography, and converts it from the combination of individual optical elements to the spatial manipulation of phase.

Circular RNA circCSPP1 promotes the occurrence and development of colon cancer by sponging miR-431 and regulating ROCK1 and ZEB1.

Background: Colon cancer is a common malignant tumor of the digestive tract, and its incidence is ranked third among gastrointestinal tumors. The present study aims to investigate the role of a novel circular RNA (circCSPP1) in colon cancer and its underlying molecular mechanisms.

Methods: Bioinformatics analysis and reverse transcription-quantitative PCR were used to detect the expression levels of circCSPP1 in colon cancer tissues and cell lines.

Highly sensitive strain sensor based on a long-period fiber grating with chain-shaped structure.

In this paper, a novel chain-shaped long-period fiber grating (CS-LPFG) for strain measurement is investigated and experimentally demonstrated. This structure is achieved by polishing periodic slant planes on a single-mode fiber with a high-frequency laser. The chain-shaped structures improved the strain sensitivity of the sensor while shortening the length of the sensing unit.

All fiber compact bending sensor with high sensitivity based on a multimode fiber embedded chirped long-period grating.

We investigated and prepared a chirped long-period grating for high sensitivity bending measurement. The novel fiber structure is composed of the multimode fiber (MMF) with fixed length and gradually longer single-mode fiber using the continuous splicing method. The powerful ability of refractive index modulation in the MMF renders the miniaturization of the sensor.

Shear-unlimited common-path speckle interferometer.

A single-aperture common-path speckle interferometer with an unlimited shear amount is developed. This unlimited shear amount is introduced when a Wollaston prism is placed near the Fourier plane of a common-path interferometer, which is built by using a quasi-${4f}$4f imaging system. The fundamentals of the shear amount and the spatial carrier frequency generation are analyzed mathematically, and the theoretical predictions are validated by a static experiment.

Non-Contact Roughness Measurement in Sub-Micron Range by Considering Depolarization Effects.

The characteristics of a surface, particularly the roughness, play an important role in different fields of the industry and have to be considered to ensure quality standards. Currently, there are numerous sophisticated methods for measuring surface roughness but plenty of them cause long-term damage because they are in contact with the sample. This article presents a non-contact method to accurately determine small surface roughnesses resulting from the consideration of the depolarization effects caused by the rough surface.

Chiral Mobile-Phase Additives in HPLC Enantioseparations.

High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) is one of the main separation techniques for chiral drugs. Among the chiral HPLC techniques available, the chiral mobile-phase additive (CMPA) technique is a valuable method for the direct enantioseparation of chiral chemical entities. In the CMPA method, the chiral selector is dissolved in the mobile phase while the stationary phase is achiral.

Real-time dual-sensitive shearography for simultaneous in-plane and out-of-plane strain measurements.

A real-time, dual-sensitive shearography system using a single-wavelength laser was developed for simultaneous and dynamic in-plane and out-of-plane strain measurements. The shearography system is capable of measuring crack-tip deformation fields quantitatively. A spatial multiplexing technique based on Fourier transform is employed for simultaneous and dynamic multi-component phase retrieval.

Dual-directional shearography based on a modified common-path configuration using spatial phase shift.

This paper describes a dual-directional shearography system to address the issue of two-dimensional characterization of the surface strain. A common-path configuration coupled with an additional light path is used to provide the shearing in two directions. One of the three interfering beams is shared by both directional shearograms to improve the light efficiency and enhance the robustness of the system.

Online 3D Displacement Measurement Using Speckle Interferometer with a Single Illumination-Detection Path.

Measurement systems for online nondestructive full-field three-dimensional (3D) displacement based on the single-shot and multiplexing techniques attract more and more interest, especially throughout the manufacturing industries. This paper proposes an accurate and easy-to-implement method based on an electronic speckle pattern interferometer (ESPI) with single illumination-detection path to realize the online nondestructive full-field 3D displacement measurement. The simple and compact optical system generates three different sensitivity vectors to enable the evaluation of the three orthogonal displacement components.

Temporal electronic speckle pattern interferometry for real-time in-plane rotation analysis.

A temporal electronic speckle pattern interferometry (ESPI) system is proposed for in-plane rotation measurement. The relationship between the rotation angle and the phase change distribution is established and the rotation direction is indicated by the sign of the partial differential of the phase change distribution. Temporal phase modulation is applied in the proposed symmetric illumination ESPI system.

Non-phase unwrapping interferometric approach for a real-time in-plane rotation measurement.

This Letter proposes a novel interferometric approach for the in-plane rotation measurement. With a simple and compact measurement system, the rotation angle and its direction can be determined simultaneously in real time by applying the spatial carrier frequency. Besides, the phase unwrapping process is not required for the angular evaluation, which simplifies the data processing procedure.

A new bioactive diterpenoid from pestalotiopsis adusta, an endophytic fungus from clerodendrum canescens.

Bioassay-guided fractionation of the culture extract of Pestalotiopsis adusta, an endophytic fungus isolated from the medicinal plant Clerodendrum canescens, led to the isolation of one new, (10S)-12,16-epoxy-17(15→16)-abeo-3,5,8,12,15-abietapentaen-2,7,11,14-tetraone (1), and four known diterpenoids, teuvincenone F (2), uncinatone (3), coleon U (4), coleon U-12-methyl ether (5). These structures were identified by using spectroscopic methods, including UV, MS, 1D and 2D NMR experiments. This is the first report of these compounds being isolated from a Pestalotiopsis species.

Simultaneous displacement and slope measurement in electronic speckle pattern interferometry using adjustable aperture multiplexing.

This paper suggests the use of adjustable aperture multiplexing (AAM), a method which is able to introduce multiple tunable carrier frequencies into a three-beam electronic speckle pattern interferometer to measure the out-of-plane displacement and its first-order derivative simultaneously. In the optical arrangement, two single apertures are located in the object and reference light paths, respectively. In cooperation with two adjustable mirrors, virtual images of the single apertures construct three pairs of virtual double apertures with variable aperture opening sizes and aperture distances.

Bioactive Diterpenoids from Clerodendrum kiangsiense.

A new abeo-abietane diterpenoid, 12-methoxy-6,11,14,16-tetrahydroxy-17(15→16)-abeo-5,8,11,13-abietatetraen-3,7-dione (8), was isolated from the hydroalcoholic extract of the herb of Clerodendrum kiangsiense along with seven known diterpenoids (1-7). Their structures were identified on the basis of spectroscopic analyses including two-dimensional NMR and comparison with literature data. All of these compounds were evaluated for their cytotoxic activities against the growth of human cancer cells lines HL-60, SMMC-7721, A-549 and MCF-7 by the MTT assay.

A polarized digital shearing speckle pattern interferometry system based on temporal wavelet transformation.

Digital shearing speckle pattern interferometry (DSSPI) has been recognized as a practical tool in testing strain. The DSSPI system which is based on temporal analysis is attractive because of its ability to measure strain dynamically. In this paper, such a DSSPI system with Wollaston prism has been built.

Continual mechanical vibration trajectory tracking based on electro-optical heterodyne interferometry.

Vibration is one of the confused problems in many fields. To give a comprehensive analysis of vibration, an electro-optical heterodyne interferometry with temporal intensity analysis method that can track the trajectory of the vibration dynamically has been built in this paper. The carrier frequency is introduced by the electrically controlled electro-optical frequency shifter.

Characterizing the effect of cytochrome P450 (CYP) 2C8, CYP2C9, and CYP2D6 genetic polymorphisms on stereoselective N-demethylation of fluoxetine.

Fluoxetine (FLX) is one of the most widely prescribed selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors. Although FLX is used as racemate in the clinic, the clinical pharmacokinetics of FLX and its N-demethylation metabolite norfluoxetine (NFLX) show obvious cytochrome P450 (CYP) polymorphism dependency and exhibit marked stereoselectivity. However, the kinetic profiles of CYP variants to FLX remain unclear.

Adaptive pulse oximeter with dual-wavelength based on wavelet transforms.

Pulse oximeter is widely used in the monitoring of blood oxygen in clinic for its convenience and efficiency. However, synchronizing light source flashing with data collecting is required, otherwise the separation of the data from different LEDs will fail. More importantly, synchronous acquisition makes the pulse oximetry system vulnerable.

Chiral mobile phase additives in HPLC enantioseparations.

In recent years, high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) has become one of the main separation techniques for chiral drugs. Among the chiral HPLC techniques available, the chiral mobile phase additive (CMPA) technique is a valuable method for the direct enantioseparation of chiral chemical entities. In the CMPA method, the chiral selector is dissolved in the mobile phase while the stationary phase is achiral.

Simultaneous determination of imperatorin and its 2 metabolites in dog plasma by using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry.

In this study, 2 metabolites of imperatorin, imperatorin hydroxylate (IMH) and imperatorin epoxide (IME), were identified for the first time in dog plasma. A sensitive, specific, and accurate high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) method was then developed for the simultaneous quantification of imperatorin and its 2 metabolites in dog plasma. Separation was achieved on an Agilent ZORBAX Extend-C(18) column (2.