Hydroxysafflor yellow A ameliorates alcohol-induced liver injury through PI3K/Akt and STAT3/NF-κB signaling pathways.

Alcohol-associated liver disease (ALD) is a prevalent liver ailment. It has escalated into a significant public health issue, imposing substantial burdens on medical, economic, and social domains. Currently, oxidative stress, inflammation, and apoptosis are recognized as crucial culprits in improving ALD.

Safflower polysaccharide ameliorates acute ulcerative colitis by regulating STAT3/NF-κB signaling pathways and repairing intestinal barrier function.

This study is to investigate the effect of SPS on the UC model. An animal model of UC induced by DSS was developed using C57BL/6 mice. The body weight was recorded every day, and the symptoms related to UC were detected.

Neutral ceramidase-dependent regulation of macrophage metabolism directs intestinal immune homeostasis and controls enteric infection.

It is not clear how the complex interactions between diet and intestinal immune cells protect the gut from infection. Neutral ceramidase (NcDase) plays a critical role in digesting dietary sphingolipids. We find that NcDase is an essential factor that controls intestinal immune cell dynamics.

Neutral Ceramidase Mediates Nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis by Regulating Monounsaturated Fatty Acids and Gut IgA B Cells.

Background And Aims: Nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) is associated with obesity and an increased risk for liver cirrhosis and cancer. Neutral ceramidase (NcDase), which is highly expressed in the intestinal brush border of the small intestine, plays a critical role in digesting dietary sphingolipids (ceramide) to regulate the balance of sphingosine and free fatty acids. It remains unresolved whether obesity-associated alteration of NcDase contributes to the manifestation of NASH.

Inhibition of Sphingosine-1-Phosphate-Induced Th17 Cells Ameliorates Alcohol-Associated Steatohepatitis in Mice.

Background And Aims: Chronic alcohol consumption is accompanied by intestinal inflammation. However, little is known about how alterations to the intestinal immune system and sphingolipids contribute to the pathogenesis of alcohol-associated liver disease (ALD).

Approach And Results: We used wild-type mice, retinoid-related orphan receptor gamma t (RORγt)-deficient mice, sphingosine kinase-deficient mice, and local gut anti-inflammatory, 5-aminosalicyclic acid-treated mice in a chronic-binge ethanol feeding model.

Metabolic Profiling of Alpinetin in Rat Plasma, Urine, Bile and Feces after Intragastric Administration.

Alpinetin, a bioactive flavonoid, has been known to have a diverse therapeutic effect, with namely anti-inflammatory, anticancer and antioxidant effects with low systemic toxicity. This study aimed to obtain metabolic profiles of alpinetin in orally administrated rats. The metabolites of alpinetin were systematically analyzed and identified by ultra-performance liquid chromatography quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UPLC-Q-TOF-MS).

Involvement of gamma interferon inducible lysosomal thiol reductase in the innate immune responses of red swamp crayfish, Procambarus clarkii.

The Gamma interferon inducible lysosomal thiol reductase (GILT) plays a key biological role in the immune responses and involves in the processing of class II MHC-restricted antigen by stimulating disulfide bond reduction in mammals. To determine the biological function of GILT in the innate immune system of crustaceans, we sequenced and cloned GILT gene from red swamp crayfish, Procambarus clarkii (Pc-GILT). The deduced amino acid sequence of Pc-GILT contained the putative conserved structures of the GILT family proteins: the GILT signature (CQHGX2ECX2NX4C) sequence and the active site (CXXS) motif.

Peroxiredoxin 6 modulates Toll signaling pathway and protects DNA damage against oxidative stress in red swamp crayfish (Procambarus clarkii).

Peroxiredoxin 6 (Prx6) is an important member of the peroxiredoxin family that plays critical roles in protecting host against the toxicity of oxidative stress and participates in cell signaling. Herein, we report Prx6 gene from red swamp crayfish, Procambarus clarkii. The cDNA fragment of PcPrx6 was 660 bp, encoding a 219 amino acid residues protein.

Effective Protection on Acute Liver Injury by Halo Tag-Flanked Recombinant Fibroblast Growth Factor 7.

The drug development of FGF7 has been restricted by its toxicity to the host, low expression, poor stability, and easy degradation. Recent studies have shown that Halo-tag-flanked recombinant human FGF7 can solve the problem of toxicity; however, its biological activity is unknown. This study aimed to explore the activity of Halo-rhFGF7 and rhFGF7 on acute liver injury in vitro and in vivo.

Essential role of the peroxiredoxin 4 in Procambarus clarkii antioxidant defense and immune responses.

Peroxiredoxin (Prx) family members play a key role in host defense against oxidative stress, and modulate immune responses following microbial infection. Here, we cloned and characterized Procambarus clarkii Prx4 (Peroxiredoxin 4) cDNA, a regulator of oxidative stress and its expression analysis upon lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and polyriboinosinic polyribocytidylic acid (Poly I:C) infection. The cDNA fragment of PcPrx4 was 744 bp in length, encoding a putative protein of 248 amino acid residues.

Design, synthesis, and evaluation of NDGA analogues as potential anti-ischemic stroke agents.

Exogenous supplementation of antioxidants with ROS scavenging activity would be a potential therapy to cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury in stroke. In the present study, a series of NDGA analogues with attenuation oxidative stress by directly scavenging ROS and indirectly through keap1/Nrf2/ARE pathway activation were designed and synthesized. All analogues were found to effectively remove ROS directly by DPPH radical scavenging assay, and compound 3a conferred potent protection from the oxidative injury in PC12 cells via promoting Nrf2 to translocate into nucleus and increasing expression of heme oxygenase-1(HO-1), where strongly reduced intracellular ROS level indirectly.

A role of cathepsin L gene in innate immune response of crayfish (Procambarus clarkii).

Cathepsin L is one of the crucial enzyme superfamilies and involved in the immune responses. In the present study, cathepsin L gene from the red crayfish Procambarus clarkii, named PcCTSL, was cloned and characterized. The cDNA fragment of PcCTSL was 1026 bp in length, which encoded a putative protein of 341 amino acid residues with a molecular weight of 37.

Fibroblast growth factor 18 promotes proliferation and migration of H460 cells via the ERK and p38 signaling pathways.

Recently, fibroblast growth factor 18 (FGF18) expression was reported to be upregulated in colon cancer and ovarian cancer, and increased expression of FGF18 mRNA and protein is associated with tumor progression and poor overall survival in patients; however, its role in lung cancer remains to be explored. In the present study, the effect and underlying molecular mechanisms of FGF18 on H460 cells were investigated. Cell proliferation and cell cycle alterations were detected using a 3-(4, 5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2, 5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide assay and flow cytometry.

Application of oleosin-flanked keratinocyte growth factor-2 expressed from Arabidopsis thaliana promotes hair follicle growth in mice.

Objective: To determine an efficient expression strategy in Arabidopsis thaliana and to determine whether a dimeric oleosin fusion approach could achieve keratinocyte growth factor-2 (KGF2) expression and bioactivity.

Results: Higher recombinant protein accumulation was observed in the two dimeric oleosin constructs than in a single-oleosin-fused protein (O::KGR2) or KGF2 control. Highest expression was in O-O::KGF2-transgenic seeds.

Ginsenoside Rg5 improves cognitive dysfunction and beta-amyloid deposition in STZ-induced memory impaired rats via attenuating neuroinflammatory responses.

Neuroinflammatory responses play a crucial role in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Ginsenoside Rg5 (Rg5), an abundant natural compound in Panax ginseng, has been found to be beneficial in treating AD. In the present study, we demonstrated that Rg5 improved cognitive dysfunction and attenuated neuroinflammatory responses in streptozotocin (STZ)-induced memory impaired rats.

[Effect of qingxin kaiqiao formula and saponin on learning and memory abilities and expression of apoptosis signal transducers Abeta and betaAPP in AD rat brain].

Objective: To study the effect of qingxin kaiqiao formula and saponin on the learning and memory ability and the expression of the apoptosis signal transducers Abeta and betaAPP in AD rat brain.

Method: The comparative observation method was adopted for the animal test. Forty male SD rats were randomly divided into five groups, namely the normal group, the model group, the aricept group, the qingxin kaiqiao formula group and the saponin group, with eight rats in each group.

(E)-3-(2-Bromo-phen-yl)-1-(3,4-dimeth-oxy-phen-yl)prop-2-en-1-one.

The crystal structure of the title compound, C(17)H(15)BrO(3), a chalcone derivative, exhibits two crystallographically independent mol-ecules per asymmetric unit showing an E conformation about the ethyl-ene double bond. In each mol-ecule, the two phenyl rings are almost coplanar: the mean planes make dihedral angles of 9.3 (2) and 19.