Active components unveiling and pharmacodynamic research on Valeriana jatamansi jones for ameliorating ulcerative colitis based on pharmacokinetics and network pharmacology.

Ethnopharmacological Relevance: Valeriana jatamansi Jones (V. jatamansi), a traditional Chinese medicine, is widely used in the treatment of gastrointestinal disorders, such as ulcerative colitis (UC). However, the active components of V.

Insight into the evolution of phosphorous conversion, microbial community and functional gene expression during anaerobic co-digestion of food waste and excess sludge with spicy substances exposure.

Garlic and chili are widely used as food flavoring agents in food cooking, therefore might be accumulated in large amounts in food waste (FW). The effects of garlic and chili on the dissolution, hydrolysis, acidification and methanation in an anaerobic co-digestion system were investigated during the combined co-digestion of FW and excess sludge (ES). Additionally, the transformation of phosphorus form and microbial metabolism changes during the process were analyzed.

Diminished attention network activity and heightened salience-default mode transitions in generalized anxiety disorder: Evidence from resting-state EEG microstate analysis.

Generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) is a common anxiety disorder characterized by excessive, uncontrollable worry and physical symptoms such as difficulty concentrating and sleep disturbances. Although functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) studies have reported aberrant network-level activity related to cognition and emotion in GAD, its low temporal resolution restricts its ability to capture the rapid neural activity in mental processes. EEG microstate analysis offers millisecond-resolution for tracking the dynamic changes in brain electrical activity, thereby illuminating the neurophysiological mechanisms underlying the cognitive and emotional dysfunctions in GAD.

Effects of polysaccharides on the structure, functionality, emulsion stability and rheological properties of soybean meal hydrolysate-proanthocyanidin complexes.

In this study, the structure, functionality, physicochemical property, emulsion storage stability, and rheological properties of soybean meal hydrolysate-proanthocyanidin (SMH-PC) conjugates in ternary complex with glucan, sodium alginate, or soybean polysaccharides were investigated. Following complexing, the proteins unfolded and their disordered structures positively promoted the emulsifying properties of ternary complexes. The SMH-PC-glucan complex showed the best antioxidant activity and the highest emulsifying activity index (94.

Development of L-Met functionalized cellulose nanofiber for an efficient removal of Pb from aqueous solution: Characterization, adsorption behavior, DFT calculations and physiochemical mechanism.

Lead-containing wastewater has been a significant challenge in the field of wastewater treatment. Cellulose surface has a large number of active sites, which is conducive to load modification. And amino acids have rich functional groups, which is a good choice for cellulose modification.

Sulfur dioxide increases testosterone biosynthesis by activating ERK1/2 pathway and disrupting autophagy in Leydig cells.

Sulfur dioxide (SO) is a ubiquitous environmental pollutant that has been shown to be toxic to the male reproductive system, but the underlying mechanism remains unclear. Therefore, the SO-treated mice and primary Leydig cell models were established to investigate the effects of SO on the production of testosterone and its specific mechanism. The results demonstrated that SO activated the ERK1/2 signaling pathway, leading to increased key proteins expression of testosterone biosynthesis and elevated testosterone levels.

Dual-signal fluorescence detection of miRNA based on nano-gold molecular beacon and in-situ generated silver nanoclusters coupled with multiple amplification.

In this work, a new dual-signal fluorescence strategy based on nano-gold molecular beacon (MB) and in-situ generated silver nano-clusters (NCs) coupled with multiple amplification technique was developed for sensitive detection of miRNA (let-7b). miRNA can recognize both hairpin probe (HP) and auxiliary DNA, inducing dual-cycle amplification-process to release plenty of DNA S2. As the report probe carboxyfluorescein (FAM) was modified on Au nanoparticles (AuNPs), the fluorescent signal was quenched due to the fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET).

NeuTox 2.0: A hybrid deep learning architecture for screening potential neurotoxicity of chemicals based on multimodal feature fusion.

Chemically induced neurotoxicity is a critical aspect of chemical safety assessment. Traditional and costly experimental methods call for the development of high-throughput virtual screening. However, the small datasets of neurotoxicity have limited the application of advanced deep learning techniques.

Longitudinal neurofunctional alterations following nonpharmacological treatments and the mediating role of regional homogeneity in subclinical depression comorbid with sleep disorders among college students.

Background: Clinical guidelines recommend nonpharmacological treatment (nPHT) as the primary intervention for subthreshold depression management. Counseling (CS) and electroacupuncture (EA) are two promising nonpharmacological approaches for improving both depression and sleep disturbance. However, the intrinsic neuroimaging mechanisms underlying the antidepressant effects of these nPHTs are not yet fully understood.

Overexpression of AspAT alleviates the inhibitory effects of ammonium on root development in Populus tomentosa.

Ammonium toxicity, resulting from prolonged use of ammonium as the sole nitrogen source, can lead to physiological and morphological disorders, ultimately stunting plant growth. Enhancing ammonium assimilation efficiency has been extensively explored as a strategy to mitigate ammonium toxicity. However, the role of AspAT, a key enzyme in nitrogen assimilation, remains underexplored.

Transcriptome and metabolome analyses reveal the promoting effects of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi on selenium uptake in grapevines.

To improve the selenium (Se) uptake in grapes, the effects of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) on the Se accumulation in grapevines were studied under a soil Se concentration of 5 mg/kg, and the transcriptome and metabolome sequencing were used to elucidate the regulatory mechanism of AMF on Se accumulation. AMF initially decreased the biomass of grapevines, but later increased the biomass. Moreover, AMF enhanced the activities of Se metabolism enzymes (adenosine triphosphate sulfurylase, adenosine 5'-phosphosulfate reductase, serine acetyltransferase, and cysteine methyltransferase) and the Se concentration in grapevines.

Synergistic interface regulation for achieving fast kinetics and highly reversible zinc metal anodes.

Uncontrolled zinc dendrite growth and adverse side reactions at the Zn anode interface severely limit its practical application. Based on theoretical calculations, this study in situ constructs a functional interface (ICFI Zn) on the Zn anode surface, consisting of a surface-textured structure and a zinc-philic protective layer. Benefiting from the synergistic effect of ion regulation and atomic anchoring of this functional interface, the ICFI Zn anode achieves homogenised regulation of ion fluxes, facilitates ion transport kinetics, effectively suppresses side reactions and guides the deposition of dendrite-free Zn.

Facilitating microglia M2 polarization alleviates p-Synephrine-induced depressive-like behaviours in CSDS mice via the 5-HT6R-FYN-ERK1/2 pathway.

In recent years, modulation of microglial phenotype transformation has emerged as a promising strategy for treating central nervous system disorders. Aurantii Fructus Immaturus (Zhishi), a traditional Chinese medicine with versatile applications, contains p-Synephrine (p-SYN) as its principal bioactive compound, recognized for its anti-inflammatory efficacy. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying these effects remain unclear.

Construction of a high-capacity drug microcarrier using diatom frustules.

The drug loading capacity is a critical performance metric for drug delivery systems. A high capacity ensures efficient drug delivery to target sites at lower doses, reducing the amount of carrier material needed and lessening patient burden. However, improving drug loading capacity in diatom frustule-based systems remains a challenge.

Individual and joint effects of exposure to multiple organophosphate esters and the risk of depression in adults: Differences in sex, age, and physical activity.

Depression, a severe mental disorder, is a prominent cause of global disability and worldwide. Organophosphate esters (OPEs) are neuron-disrupting chemicals that potentially cause depression. However, the effects of OPEs on depression remain unclear.

Nanofiltration membranes with fast water transport induced by controlled interfacial diffusion to enhance desalination and micropollutant removal.

Nanofiltration (NF) membranes offer tremendous potential in wastewater reuse, desalination, and resource recovery to alleviate water scarcity and environmental contamination. However, separating micropollutants and charged ions from wastewater while maintaining high water permeation remains challenging for conventional NF membranes. Customizing diffusion and interaction behavior of monomers at membrane-forming interfaces is promising for regulating interior pore structures and surface morphology properties for polyamide NF membranes, reaching efficient screening and retaining of solutes from water.

Automated LA-DBD-TLC-MS device for accurate detection of biogenic amines in fishery products coupled with machine learning algorithms.

A novel, compact, and automated laser ablation dielectric barrier discharge thin layer chromatography-mass spectrometry (LA-DBD-TLC-MS) device was developed for the rapid detection of biogenic amines (BAs) in fishery products. This plug-and-play system integrates thermal desorption via diode laser, DBD plasma ionization, and tandem MS detection, with key operational parameters optimized through experimental and computational methods. Utilizing nanoscale carbon black as a matrix, the device achieved a detection limit of 0.

Mpox Recrudescence after SARS-CoV-2 Coinfection in a Patient with AIDS.

People living with HIV (PLWH) are known to exhibit more severe or prolonged symptoms of mpox (formerly monkeypox). However, the impact of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) on PLWH with mpox has not been adequately described. We report a case of mpox in an AIDS patient who had recurrent symptoms due to SARS-CoV-2 infection.

Geospatial Analysis of Multilevel Socioenvironmental Factors Impacting the Campylobacter Burden among Infants in Rural Eastern Ethiopia: A One Health Perspective.

Increasing attention has focused on health outcomes of Campylobacter infections among children younger than 5 years in low-resource settings. Recent evidence suggests that colonization by Campylobacter species contributes to environmental enteric dysfunction, malnutrition, and growth faltering in young children. Campylobacter species are zoonotic, and factors from humans, animals, and the environment are involved in transmission.

Glutamic-pyruvic transaminase 1 deficiency-mediated metabolic reprogramming facilitates colorectal adenoma-carcinoma progression.

The tumorigenesis of colorectal cancer (CRC) often follows the normal-adenoma-carcinoma (N-A-C) sequence. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying colorectal adenoma carcinogenesis remain largely unknown. Here, we analyzed transcriptomic profile changes in normal, advanced adenoma, and carcinoma tissues from patients with CRC, revealing that glutamic-pyruvic transaminase 1 () in colorectal tissues was down-regulated during the N-A-C process and correlated with poor CRC prognosis.

Direct Synthesis of Topology-Controlled BODIPY and CO-Based Zirconium Metal-Organic Frameworks for Efficient Photocatalytic CO Reduction.

Boron dipyrromethene (BODIPY)-based zirconium metal-organic frameworks (Zr-MOFs) possess strong light-harvesting capabilities and great potential for artificial photosynthesis without the use of sacrificial reagents. However, their direct preparation has not yet been achieved due to challenges in synthesizing suitable ligands. Herein, we reported the first successful direct synthesis of BODIPY-based Zr-MOFs, utilizing CO as a feedstock.