Emerging technology and management research in the container terminals: Trends and the COVID-19 pandemic impacts.

Despite the significant fluctuations in global trend due to the rising trade friction and the COVID19 pandemic, the container terminals are continuously working in three technology areas including automation, electrification and digitalization. This study reviewed recent technology trends as well as relevant research topics related to the container terminals, and investigated how the trends and topics would facilitate the terminals to achieve their strategic objectives. We also studied the trends in the container terminal industry before and after the pandemic outbreak.