[Clinical observation of effectiveness in the treatment of senile knee osteoarthritis with the inactivation of myofascial trigger points---108 cases reports].

Objective: To study clinical treatment effects of inactivating myofascial trigger points with needling and muscle stretching for the treatment of knee osteoarthritis(OA).

Methods: Retrospective analyses were made to investigate the clinical data of pain clinic outpatient in our hospital from 2010 to 2014, and 108 patients with knee OA, including 35 males and 73 females, were treated with acupuncturing of myofascial trigger points and stretching of muscles and structure around knee. The puncturing of trigger points, and the back and forth movement of needle were required to elicit local twitch response of muscle.

Increasing prevalence of type 2 diabetes in Chinese adults in Shanghai.

Objective: Our objective was to determine the secular trend in prevalence of type 2 diabetes in Shanghai, China.

Research Design And Methods: Two consecutive population-based surveys for type 2 diabetes were conducted in randomly selected adults aged 35-74 years in Shanghai in 2002-2003 (n = 12,329) and in 2009 (n = 7,423). Diagnosed type 2 diabetes was determined based on self-report, whereas those undiagnosed were identified by measured fasting and postload glucose according to 2009 American Diabetes Association criteria.

Detection of mutant p53 protein in workers occupationally exposed to benzidine.

To investigate the expression of mutant p53 protein in workers occupationally exposed to benzidine, we detected mutant p53 protein by immuno-PCR assay in the serum of 331 benzidine-exposed healthy workers, while we classified exfoliated urothelial cells in urine samples with Papanicoloau's grading (PG). The Papanicoloau's grading classified exfoliated urothelial cells of the subjects from grade I (normal cells) to grade III (suspicious malignant cells). The subjects were also divided into high, medium and low exposure groups according to the exposure intensity index.

Pattern of traffic injuries in Shanghai: implications for control.

In China, traffic-related injuries are often treated as transportation issues, called 'accidents'. The objectives of the research are to analyse traffic injury patterns, estimate costs of traffic injuries and provide evidence to develop effective prevention strategies. There were over 1 500 deaths due to traffic-related injuries annually in Shanghai from 1987 to 2003, and it is rising year by year with the rate of growth in motorization.

Field data: a study on trend and prediction of fatal traffic injuries prevalence in Shanghai.

Objective: The main objectives of the study are to analyze fatal traffic-injury trends in 1987-2003 in Shanghai and predict its prevalence in near future and provide scientific data for the local governmental decision on developing practical working methods on traffic-injury prevention and control.

Methods: In this study, epidemiological method and Grey dynamic model GM (1,1) were introduced to analyze and forecast traffic-injury mortality rates respectively.

Results: There was an apparent increasing trend of traffic-related injuries in Shanghai from 1987 to 2003 with the rate of growth in motorization.

[Epidemiological feature of metabolic syndrome in Shanghai residents aged 15 - 74 years].

Objective: To assess the prevalence of the metabolic syndrome in Shanghai residents.

Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted in Shanghai with a representative sample of 14,327 Chinese adults from 15 to 74 years of age. The sample was randomly selected using stratified cluster sampling.

[Cross-sectional investigation of prevalence of type 2 diabetes in Shanghai].

Objective: To investigate the prevalence of type 2 diabetes and impaired glucose regulation among the permanent urban and rural inhabitants in Shanghai.

Methods: Questionnaire survey, physical examination, and laboratory testing were conducted among 14401 urban and rural inhabitants aged 15 - 74 in Shanghai selected by multistage cluster random sampling. The data about the prevalence of type 2 diabetes and impaired glucose regulation were collected and analyzed.

[Expression of protein p53 in workers occupationally exposed to benzidine and bladder cancer patients.].

Objective: To study expression of mutant p53 protein in workers occupationally exposed to benzidine and bladder cancer patients.

Methods: Mutant p53 protein in serum from the workers occupationally exposed to benzidine and bladder cancer patients were determined with Immuno-PCR, while exfoliated urothelial cells in the urine samples were classified with Papanicolau grading.

Results: Positive rate of mutant p53 protein increased with the exposed intensity index in workers occupationally exposed to benzidine.

[Epidemiological study on traffic accident in Shanghai from 2000 to 2002].

Objective: Data on traffic accident from year 2000 to 2002 were collected and testified. Epidemiological study was carried out to find the main risk factors of traffic accident.

Methods: The spatial distribution was conducted by means of Geographic Information System (GIS) and were marked on Shanghai digitalized map with different layers by different colors.

Disease control and prevention in China in the 20(th) century and prospects for the new millennium.

In the first part of the paper, the main achievements and experience of disease control and prevention in China during last 50 years are described. Infectious diseases and parasitosis have been successfully controlled and prevented and people's health enhanced owing to the establishment of an effective system of public health, the launch of a campaign called "Patriotic Public Health", immunization planning, and the improvement of economic and environmental conditions. In the second part, the challenges to public health in China are presented.