Nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain (NOD) plays an important role in neonatal infection.

Objective: To explore the expression and function of nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain (NOD) proteins NOD1 and NOD2 and provide guidance for prophylaxis and treatment of neonatal infection.

Methods: Peripheral blood samples were collected from preterm infants, term infants and, healthy adult volunteers. A portion of collected blood was used to examine the expression of NOD1 and NOD2 by real-time PCR.

[Comparison of clinical features of purulent meningitis between small-for-gestational-age and appropriate-for-gestational-age infants].

Objective: To study the differences in the clinical features of purulent meningitis (PM) between small-for-gestational-age (SGA) and appropriate-for-gestational-age (AGA) infants.

Methods: The clinical data of 58 full-term infants with PM were analyzed retrospectively. The infants were classified into a SGA group (13 cases) and an AGA group (45 cases) according to their birth weight and gestational age.

An impaired inflammatory cytokine response to gram-negative LPS in human neonates is associated with the defective TLR-mediated signaling pathway.

Purpose: Human neonates are highly susceptible to a wide range of infections, which has been attributed to deficiencies in their innate and adaptive immunity. In contrast to the well-documented immaturity in neonatal adaptive immunity, deficiencies in their innate immunity are less defined. This study examined the inflammatory response of neonatal monocytes to bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and peptidoglycan (PGN) stimulation and discriminated the underlying Toll-like receptor (TLR)-mediated signal transduction pathways.

Minimally invasive video-assisted thyroidectomy for the early-stage differential thyroid carcinoma.

Background: Minimally invasive video-assisted thyroidectomy (MIVAT), the modified Miccoli's thyroid surgery, is the most widespread minimally invasive technique and has been widely used for treatment of thyroid disease. This study aimed to verify the potential benefits of the modified Miccoli's thyroid surgery, determine the feasibility of the MIVAT for early-stage differential thyroid carcinoma and evaluate the likelihood of the surgical method as a standard operation for early malignant thyroid carcinoma.

Methods: A total of 135 patients were retrospectively compared which included two groups of patients: the first group underwent the conventional thyroidectomy; the other group underwent MIVAT.

Mouse model of plasma cell mastitis.

Background: Plasma cell mastitis is distinct from the common form of mastitis and clinically resembles breast carcinoma. The lesion occurs in non-lactating young women, and the incidence rate is rising. Surgical resection is the main treatment, but cannot prevent recurrence of the disease.

[Urinary tract infections in the neonatal intensive care unit: clinical analysis of 229 cases].

Objective: To study the clinical features, distribution of pathogens, drug susceptibility, and treatment effectiveness in neonates with urinary tract infection (UTI) and admitted to the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU).

Methods: The clinical data of 229 neonates who developed UTI during their stay in the NICU were retrospectively studied.

Results: The main clinical manifestations of these children included fever/irregular body temperature, refusing to milk feeding, jaundice, vomiting, diarrhea, poor weight gain, and lethargy.