Quantification of Cross-Contamination of Campylobacter jejuni during Food Preparation in a Model Kitchen in China.

Abstract: Numerous outbreak investigations and case-control studies of campylobacteriosis have provided evidence that handling Campylobacter-contaminated chicken products is a high risk factor for infection and illness. In this study, the cross-contamination and transfer rates of Campylobacter jejuni from chicken to ready-to-eat food were determined in various food handling scenarios. Skinless raw chicken breasts were artificially contaminated with C.

[Analysis of Anthropogenic Reactive Nitrogen Emissions and Its Features on a Prefecture-level City in Fujian Province].

The impacts of reactive nitrogen (Nr) on the environment significantly increase with population and rapid urbanization. In order to study gaseous Nr and Nr loads to waterbodies at the provincial scale, we established anthropogenic emission inventories in prefecture-level cities in Fujian Province and analyzed the changes in Nr emissions for the years 2000, 2005, and 2010. The total Nr emissions were calculated as 538.

Modification and evaluation of Brucella broth based Campylobacter jejuni transport medium.

Reliable transport of Campylobacter jejuni isolates is critical to microbial epidemiology research, especially in developing countries without a good temperature control mailing system. Various factors, including oxygen, temperature, transport medium composition, could affect the survival of C. jejuni.

Characterization of Staphylococcus aureus isolated from clinical specimens by matrix assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry.

Objective: To develop a matrix assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF-MS) approach to identify Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) and differentiate methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) from methicillin-sensitive S.

[Dynamics and environmental load of food carbon consumption during urbanization: a case study of Xiamen City, China].

With the rapid urbanization, city plays a more and more significant role in the carbon cycle of urban ecosystem. The contribution of household food carbon consumption to urban carbon cycle has become increasingly important, and has been the hot issues of the urban carbon cycle study. We analyzed the dynamics of the food carbon consumption in Xiamen City from 1988 to 2010, evaluated and forecasted the trends of food carbon consumption and its environmental load.

[Study on greenhouse gas emissions from urban waste disposal system: a case study in Xiamen].

Waste disposal is one of the sources of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions from urban human activities. According to the method recommended by IPCC Guidelines for National Greenhouse Gas Inventories 2006, a calculation model was established to assess GHG emissions of waste disposal in Xiamen. Then GHG emissions from waste disposal in Xiamen during the year of 2005-2010 were estimated, including solid waste landfill, solid waste incineration and wastewater treatment.

[Development of pulsed field gel electrophoresis and application for characterization and identification of Lactobacillus and Streptococcus thermophilus].

Objective: To develop a pulsed field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) method for molecular typing of Lactobacillus and Streptococcus thermophilus (S. thermophilus) and to apply it in identification and characterization of both bacteria isolated from yoghurt collected from Beijing supermarket.

Methods: The five most useful restriction enzymes including Apa I, Not I, Sfi I, Xba I and Sma I were chosen to cut DNA of 52 strains of Lactobacillus, S.

[Impact of atmospheric total suspended particulate pollution on photosynthetic parameters of street mango trees in Xiamen City].

With the development of urbanization, total suspended particulate (TSP) pollution is getting serious, and the normal physiological processes of urban vegetation are profoundly affected while adsorbing and purifying the particulates. In this study, four areas were selected, i.e.

[Urban sustainability assessment based on eco-efficiency and its application].

Comprehensive assessment on urban ecological system is one of important issues for regional sustainable development research. Urban eco-efficiency is the effective tool to integrate sustainabable strategies into the development planning and management initiatives, which expresses the relationship of inputs of ecological impact and outputs of social welfare. An evaluation model of urban sustainability based on eco-efficiency was proposed by integrating Ecological Footprint model and Human Development Index.

[Theoretical thinking in sustainable city construction of China].

Based on the concept of ecosystem services and welfare, a definition of a sustainable city is proposed, and a quantitative model to describe sustainable welfare is established. With the analysis of the major issues and driving forces of sustainable city construction in China, the approaches for sustainable city construction are proposed as follows: to promote study on the theory and methodology of sustainable city construction, to set up and perfect institutional and management systems, and to establish a performance assessment system and an effective operation mechanism for sustainable city construction in China.

[Detection and analysis of antibiotic resistance of Salmonella from retail meats in some districts of Shaanxi province].

Objective: Salmonella isolates recovered from retail meats that were collected in supermarkets and free markets in Xi'an and Yangling areas of Shaanxi province were studied to determine antibiotic susceptibility.

Method: Antimicrobial susceptibility to 14 antibiotics of 193 salmonella isolates were determined by using agar dilution method, which was recommended by National Committee of Clinical Laboratory Standard (NCCLS), and E.coli ATCC25922 and E.

[Study on integrons in Escherichia coli which producing extended-spectrum beta-lactamases, isolated from stool specimen of chicken].

Objective: To analysis the dissemination of integrons in the extended-spectrum beta-lactamases (ESBLs) producing Escherichia coli, isolated from stool specimen of chicken and to study the relations between the resistance and the integrons of these isolates.

Methods: The Escherichia coli isolates were collected from Gansu, Hubei, Sichuan provinces and Beijing municipal city, and were isolated from stool specimen of chickens. Using WHONET software, the Escherichia coli producing ESBLs were selected, and then detected by PCR method class 1, 2, 3, 4 integrase.

[Determination of the allergic impurities in the parenteral injection of Chinese traditional medicines containing Salvia miltiorrhiza].

The residual protein mixture (the content is 4%, approximately), called Salvia miltiorrhiza antigen, was extracted from the Salvia miltiorrhiza cruel materials by mimicking the alcohol-deposit extracts process. Both rabbits and guinea pigs sensitized by Salvia miltiorrhiza could produce specified antibodies. Large molecular antigenic impurities were extracted from the Danshen injection and Xiangdan injection using the centrifugal filtering method.

[Comparison of multilocus sequence typing system and pulsed-field gel electrophoresis in typing of Salmonella enteritidis].

Objective: To compare the discriminatory ability between multilocus sequence typing system (MLST) and pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE).

Methods: Salmonella enteritidis strains, isolated from food in China were identified by MLST, under PCR products of thrA, purE, sucA, aroC, hemD, dnaN and Sdf I. The same set of strains was typed by PFGE using Xba I, Spe I as the restriction enzyme in order to compare the discriminatory power of the methods.