Clinical efficacy of robotic spine surgery: an updated systematic review of 20 randomized controlled trials.

Purpose: To determine whether using robots in spine surgery results in more clinical advantages and fewer adverse consequences.

Methods: Between October 1990 and October 2022, a computer-based search was conducted through the databases of PubMed, Cochrane Library, Embase, Web of Science, China National Knowledge Infrastructure, China Biology Medicine, VIP databases, and WAN FANG. The study only included randomized controlled trials (RCTs) comparing the clinical efficacy and safety of robot-assisted surgery with those of conventional spine surgery.

[Abundances and Morphology Patterns of Microplastics Under Different Land Use Types on the Loess Plateau].

As an emerging pollutant to the environment, microplastics have received widespread attention worldwide. The Loess Plateau, as one of the major agricultural production areas in China, has various land use types, but how the abundance and morphological patterns of microplastics differ among soils under different land use types remains unclear. In this study, we collected soils from three different land use types:croplands, apple orchards, and landfills in the Wangdonggou Catchment.

Retrospective Analysis of 28 Cases Confirmed for Primary Angiitis of the Central Nervous System by Biopsy.

Objective: The present study aimed to summarize the clinical characteristics, therapeutic effects, and long-term prognosis of cases confirmed with primary angiitis of the central nervous system (PACNS) by biopsy, analyze the risk factors, and provide clinical guidance for the diagnosis and treatment of the disease.

Methods: Retrospective analysis was performed on 28 cases of PACNS confirmed by biopsy, and the age, gender, pathological results, course of the disease, imaging manifestations, treatment, and prognosis of the patients were analyzed and summarized.

Results: The cohort (age 16-60 years) comprised of 16 males.

[Root respiration and its temperature sensitivity at various growth stages of winter wheat in the Loess Plateau, Northwest China].

Understanding the effects of crop growth stage on root respiration (R) and its temperature sensitivity (Q) has important theoretical and practical significance for enriching the carbon cycle theory of cropland. In a rain-fed agricultural ecosystem on the Loess Plateau, soil respiration rates were in situ measured in adjacent bare soil (soil microbial respiration, R) and non-fertilized winter wheat (soil respiration, R=R+R) with an automated CO flux system from 2009 to 2014 to investigate the effect of growth stage on R and Q. The results showed that net photosynthetic rate in the seedling, elongating, filling, and the ripening stage was 5.

[Effect of Environmental Factors on Variation Characteristics of Soil Microbial Respiration and Its Temperature Sensitivity].

Studying the effect of environmental factors on the variation of soil microbial respiration and its temperature sensitivity () at different time scales under field conditions is of great significance for accurately understanding the region's climate warming potential. From March 2008 to November 2013, in situ soil microbial respiration rates were determined using an automated CO flux system (Li~8100) in long-term bare fallow soil at the Changwu State Key Agro-Ecosystem Experimental Station, Shaanxi, China, for studying the effect of environmental factors on the variation of soil microbial respiration and at different time scales. At diurnal time scales, the daily variation of soil microbial respiration rates showed a single-peak curve, which was closely related to soil temperature (<0.

[Contribution of Root Biomass to Soil Organic Carbon Under Complex Landforms Conditions].

Quantifying the contribution of fine root density (FRD) to soil organic carbon density (SOCD) under extremely complex landforms is of great significance for the evaluation of carbon storage at an eroded small catchment in hilly regions of the Loess Plateau. Soil and root samples were collected from typical landforms (a ridge slope, gully slope, and valley bottom) and different vegetation types (cropland, grassland, and woodland) to investigate the contribution of FRD to SOCD at the Zhuan Yaogou watershed The spatial distribution of SOCD and FRD was influenced significantly by landforms, vegetation type, soil depth, or their interactions. SOCD and FRD tended to go in the following order:valley bottom > gully slope > ridge slope on different landforms,Woodland > grassland > cropland on different types of vegetation, and surface > lower depths at different soil depths.

Alterations of White Matter Connectivity in Preschool Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder.

Purpose To investigate the topologic architecture of white matter connectivity networks in preschool-aged children with a diagnosis of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) versus typical development (TD). Materials and Methods Forty-two participants were enrolled, including 21 preschool children with ASD (14 male children and seven female children; mean age, 4.56 years ± 0.

Two de novo variations identified by massively parallel sequencing in 13 Chinese families with children diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder.

Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a genetically heterogeneous neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by impairments in social interaction and communication, and by restricted and repetitive behaviors. The genetic architecture of ASD has been elucidated, including chromosomal rearrangements, de novo or inherited rare variants, and copy number variants. However, the genetic mechanism of Chinese families with ASD children is explored rarely.

[Response of Soil Respiration to Extreme Precipitation in Semi-arid Regions].

Evaluating the response of soil microbial respiration to extreme precipitation event is significant for a better understanding about the influence of the change of precipitation regime on soil carbon cycling under global warming. A simulated experiment of extreme precipitations was conducted during the rainy season (July-September 2015) in the Changwu State Key Agro-Ecological Station, Shaanxi, China. The treatments consisted of three total precipitations in rainy season (600 mm, 300 mm, and 150 mm) and two precipitation regimes (10 mm, 150 mm; P, P).

[Differences in soil organic carbon and total nitrogen and their impact factors under different restoration patterns in the Loess Plateau.].

Knowledge of the effect of different vegetation restoration measures on soil organic carbon (SOC) and total soil nitrogen (TN) is of importance to better understand carbon and nitrogen cycling in terrestrial ecosystems and deal with the global greenhouse effect. The differences in SOC and TN content in 0-100 cm soil profile between different restoration measures and their impact factors were investigated in the Loess Plateau. The results showed that artificial vegetation restoration led to a significant increase in both SOC and TN content in the 0-100 cm soil profile compared with that of cropland.

[Changes of Soil Organic Carbon and Its Influencing Factors of Apple Orchards and Black Locusts in the Small Watershed of Loess Plateau, China].

Orchard and black locust are two typical plants for comprehensive control in the small watershed of land uses in Loess area. The analysis of soil carbon sequestration function changes of growing two plants is important to gain a deep understanding of soil carbon cycle process and its influencing factors of terrestrial ecosystems under the condition of small watershed comprehensive control. The experiment was conducted in the Changwu State Key Agro-Ecological Station, Shanxi, China.

[Effects of Nitrogen Fertilization on Soil Respiration and Temperature Sensitivity in Spring Maize Field in Semi-Arid Regions on Loess Plateau].

Understanding the effects of nitrogen fertilization on soil respiration rate and its temperature sensitivity (Q10) is of critical importance to predict the variability of soil respiration in cropland. A field experiment was established in a rain-fed spring maize cropland (Zea mays L. ) in the State Key Agro-Ecological Experimental Station in the Loess Plateau in Changwu County, Shaanxi Province, China.

[Soil organic carbon storage changes with land reclamation under vegetation reconstruction on opencast coal mine dump].

Vegetation reconstruction was an effective solution to reclaim the opencast coal mine dump which was formed in the process of mining. To understand the impact of the vegetation reconstruction patterns' on the mine soil organic carbon (SOC) storage was essential for selecting the methods of vegetation restoration and also important for accurately estimating the potential of the soil carbon sequestration. The study area was on the Heidaigou opencast coal mine, which was 15 years reclaimed coal mine dump in Zhungeer, Inner Mongolia autonomous region, we selected 5 vegetation reconstruction patterns (natural recovery land, grassland, bush land, mixed woodland of arbor and bush, arbor land), and 16 vegetation types, 408 soil samples (0-100 m), to study the effect of the vegetation reconstruction patterns on the SOC storage.

C1 lateral mass screw placement in occipitalization with atlantoaxial dislocation and basilar invagination: a report of 146 cases.

Study Design: Retrospective study of 146 patients with the diagnosis of occipitalization, atlantoaxial dislocation (AAD) and basilar invagination, using a novel surgical treatment strategy.

Objective: To introduce a novel fixation and reduction technique.

Summary Of Background Data: Atlas occipitalization associated with basilar invagination often result in fixed AAD that need reduction and occipitocervical fixation.

Posterior C1-C2 screw and rod instrument for reduction and fixation of basilar invagination with atlantoaxial dislocation.

Purpose: To report the surgical technique and preliminary clinical results for the treatment of basilar invagination (BI) with atlantoaxial dislocation (AAD) by posterior C1-C2 pedicle screw and rod instrument.

Methods: Between July 2012 and August 2013, 33 patients who had BI with AAD underwent surgery at our institution. Pre and postoperative three-dimensional computed tomographic (CT) scans were performed to assess the degree of dislocation.

[Differences in soil respiration between cropland and grassland ecosystems and factors influencing soil respiration on the Loess Plateau].

Understanding the effect of land-use change on soil respiration rates becomes critical in predicting soil carbon cycling under conversion of arable into grassland on the Loess Plateau. From July 2010 to December 2011, CO2 efflux from the soil surface was measured between 08:00 to 10:00 am in clear days by a Licor-8100 closed chamber system (Li-COR, Lincoln, NE, US). Also, soil temperature and soil moisture at the 5-cm depth was measured using a Li-Cor thermocouple and a hand-held frequency-domain reflectometer (ML2x, Delta-T Devices Ltd, UK) at each PVC collar, respectively.

[Effects of nitrogen fertilization, soil moisture and soil temperature on soil respiration during summer fallow season].

On the loess plateau, summer fallow season is a hot rainy time with intensive soil microbe activities. To evaluate the response of soil respiration to soil moisture, temperature, and N fertilization during this period is helpful for a deep understanding about the temporal and spatial variability of soil respiration and its impact factors, then a field experiment was conducted in the Changwu State Key Agro-Ecological Experimental Station, Shaanxi, China. The experiment included five N application rates: unfertilized 0 (N0), 45 (N45), 90 (N90), 135(N135), and 180 (N180) kg x hm(-2).

[Effects of topographies and land uses on soil organic carbon in subsurface in hilly region of Loess Plateau].

It is important to accurately assess soil carbon sequestration potential and the global carbon cycle to study effects of topographies and land uses on soil profile organic carbon in subsurface. In Yangou watershed of hilly region of Loess Plateau, based on three topographies (tableland, slopeland, gullyland) and seven land uses (farmland, orchard, secondary grassland, manmade and secondary shrubland and manmade and secondary woodland), 53 soil profiles (0-100 cm) in six soil depths up to 898 samples were collected to investigate effects of topographies and land uses on contents and spatial distribution of soil organic carbon in subsurface. Topographies, land uses, depths and interaction of them significantly (p < 0.

[Influencing factors of soil organic carbon in deeper soil layers at a small watershed on tableland region of the Loess Plateau, China].

Analyzing and estimating soil organic carbon (SOC) storage and changes in deep layers under different land uses and landforms may play a pivotal role in comprehending the balance and cycle mechanisms of C cycling, and comprehending the capacity of C sequestration in the terrestrial ecosystem. The study mainly emphasized on effects of landforms and land uses on vertical distribution characteristic of SOC sampled to a depth of 200 cm at the Wangdonggou watershed on the tableland region of Loess Plateau, China. For the top soil of 0-20 cm, the order of SOC contents was gully (10.

[Effects of nitrogen rates on soil respiration in winter wheat cropping system in semi-arid regions on Loess plateau].

To evaluate effects of nitrogen rates on soil respiration, we measured the diurnal and seasonal dynamic changes and the contents of the soil organic carbon (SOC), soil dissolved organic carbon (DOC), soil microbial biomass carbon (MBC), and total soil nitrogen (TSN) under different growing seasons of winter wheat under the continuous systems from March in 2008 to March in 2009 at Changwu ecological station of the Chinese Academy of Sciences. The experiment consists of five nitrogen rates: 0 (N0), 45 (N45), 90 (N90), 135 (N135), and 180 (N180) kg/hm2. Soil respiration rate significantly enhanced with increasing nitrogen rate ranging from 0 to 90 kg/hm2 and increased little from 90 to 135 kg/hm2, but decreased with increasing nitrogen rate from 135 to 180 kg/hm2.

[Effects of land use type on soil organic C and total N in a small watershed in loess hilly-gully region].

Based on field survey and laboratory analysis, this paper studied the storage of surface soil (0-20 cm) organic C (SOC) and total N (TSN) in farmland, orchard, woodland and grassland in the Yangou watershed of loess hilly-gully region. The results showed that in the test area, the mean contents of SOC and TSN were 7.56 and 0.