Minimally Invasive Embedding of Saturated MSU Induces Persistent Gouty Arthritis in Modified Rat Model.

Introduction: Animal models are valid for research on the pathophysiological process and drug screening of gout arthritis. Intra-articular injection of monosodium urate (MSU) is the most common method, while stable MSU deposition enveloped by inflammatory cells was rarely reported.

Objective: To develop a modified gouty arthritis rat model characterized by intra-articular MSU deposition and continuous joint pain with a minimally invasive method.

Determinants of the Fiscal Support of Governments in Response to the COVID-19 Pandemic.

Fiscal support measures have different implications for public finances in the near term and beyond the COVID-19 pandemic. For this purpose, this paper examines the determinants of governments' fiscal support in response to the COVID-19 pandemic. The empirical analysis is based on the cross-sectional data estimations from 129 developed and developing countries.

No Difference between Percutaneous and Arthroscopic Techniques in Identifying the Calcaneal Insertion during Ankle Lateral Ligament Reconstruction: A Cadaveric Study.

Both percutaneous and arthroscopic techniques have been introduced in anatomic ankle lateral ligaments reconstruction. The purpose of this study was to compare these two techniques in identifying the calcaneal insertion of the calcaneofibular ligament (CFL). Fifteen fresh-frozen human ankle cadaver specimens were used in this study.

Arthroscopic treatment combined with the ankle stabilization procedure is effective for sinus tarsi syndrome in patients with chronic ankle instability.

Purpose: This study aimed to investigate the results of arthroscopic treatment combined with ankle stabilization procedure for sinus tarsi syndrome (STS) in patients with chronic ankle instability (CAI).

Methods: A total of 57 patients (31 males and 26 females, average age 29.9 ± 8.

Crystal structure of 2-[(1R,2R,4aS,8aS)-2-hy-droxy-2,5,5,8a-tetra-methyl-deca-hydro-naphthalen-1-yl]-N-(o-tol-yl)acetamide.

The title compound, C23H35NO2, is an amide derivative of the lactone (+)-sclareolide, and was synthesized from natural sclareol. In the mol-ecular structure, the two six-membered rings (A and B) of the labdane skeleton are trans-fused, and adopt chair conformations. There is an intra-molecular N-H⋯O hydrogen bond present forming an S(7) ring motif.

Crystal structure of 3a,6,6,9a-tetra-methyl-dodeca-hydro-naphtho-[2,1-b]furan-2-ol.

The title compound (common name: sclaral), C16H28O2, is a sclareolide derivative, which was synthesized from sclareolide itself. In the mol-ecule, the two six-membered rings, A and B, of the labdane skeleton adopt chair conformations and the five-membered O-containing heterocyclic ring C displays an envelope conformation, with the methine C atom of the fused C-C bond as the flap. In the crystal, mol-ecules are linked by O-H⋯O hydrogen bonds, forming chains propagating along [100].

Synthesis of 1-acyl-3-isopropenylbenzimidazolone derivatives and their activity against Botrytis cinerea.

A series of 1-acyl-3-isopropenylbenzimidazolone derivatives were synthesized, and their structures were characterized by (1)H and (13)C NMR and elemental analysis. Their fungicidal activities against Botrytis cinerea were also evaluated by spore germination assay. The acrylic acid, methacrylic acid, 4-chlorophenyl acetic acid, and 2-chlorobenzoic acid derivatives exhibited strong fungicidal activity.

The main chemical composition and in vitro antifungal activity of the essential oils of Ocimum basilicum Linn. var. pilosum (Willd.) Benth.

The essential oils of the aerial parts of Ocimum basilicum Linn.var. pilosum (Willd.