How do I do it? Real-time three-dimensional robotic C-arm navigation for ventriculoperitoneal shunting.

Background: Ventriculoperitoneal (VP) shunts are commonly used for managing hydrocephalus, with mechanical dysfunction being the most common cause of complications that require revision. A VP shunt placed using a real-time three-dimensional (3D) robotic C-arm navigation system may have better outcomes and fewer complications.

Methods: In this technical note, we introduced the workflow of the use of the real-time 3D robotic C-arm navigation system for ventriculoperitoneal shunting.

Pseudoaneurysm formation of segmental artery with retroperitoneal hematoma after percutaneous transpedicular screws insertion.

Vascular injury is one of the potential complications of percutaneous transpedicular screws fixation. Carefully review the vascular anatomy preoperatively is important. Once unexpected low blood pressure or anemia occurs, vascular injury should be taken into consideration.

How I do it? Full endoscopic lumbar rhizotomy for chronic facet joint pain due to failed back surgery syndrome.

Background: Failed back surgery syndrome (FBSS) is a general term for persistent postoperative back pain with or without accompanying radicular pain. FBSS may present as chronic facet joint pain.

Methods: We introduced full endoscopic lumbar rhizotomy for patients suffering from facet joint pain due to FBSS.

Ganoderma immunomodulatory protein and chidamide down-regulate integrin-related signaling pathway result in migration inhibition and apoptosis induction.

Background: In terms of melanoma, recent advances have been made in target therapies and immune checkpoint inhibitors, but durable remission is rare. Ganoderma immunomodulatory proteins (GMI) induce a cytotoxic effect in cancer cells via autophagy. However, the role of GMI in melanoma is not clear.