TLR7/8 signaling activation enhances the potency of human pluripotent stem cell-derived eosinophils in cancer immunotherapy for solid tumors.

Background: Efficient tumor T-cell infiltration is crucial for the effectiveness of T-cell-based therapies against solid tumors. Eosinophils play crucial roles in recruiting T cells in solid tumors. Our group has previously generated induced eosinophils (iEOs) from human pluripotent stem cells and exhibited synergistic efficacy with CAR-T cells in solid tumor inhibition.

Competitive adsorption and strain modulation induced by low electronegative elements to improve phosphate tolerance in HT-PEMFC.

The cathode Pt-based electrocatalyst, a core component of high-temperature proton exchange membrane fuel cells (HT-PEMFCs), significantly influences fuel cell efficiency. At high temperatures and strongly acidic pH, phosphoric acid tends to adsorb onto the Pt surface by forming PtO bonds, covering the catalyst's active sites. Phosphoric acid anions' toxicity towards Pt significantly impairs the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) kinetics, posing a major obstacle to the commercial viability of this technology.

"All-U-Want" Strand Displacement Amplification: A Versatile Signal Amplification Method for Nucleic Acid Biosensing.

Strand displacement amplification (SDA) is an isothermal DNA amplification technique. Herein, we developed a novel SDA system, designated All-U-Want SDA (AUW-SDA), which was used as a signal amplification strategy for the construction of nucleic acid detection biosensors. AUW-SDA is capable of target turnover and can be utilized for detection of nucleic acid sequences without available 3'-ends.

Inverse Electron Demand Diels-Alder Reaction on MN@C (M=Lu, Sc): Reactivity and Reversibility Enable Chemical Separation of Metallofullerenes.

Endohedral metallofullerenes are chemically more inert compared to empty fullerenes, primarily due to their intramolecular electron transfer. In this work, we report an inverse electron demand Diels-Alder (IEDDA) reaction on MN@C (M=Lu, Sc), where they show significantly higher reactivity than empty fullerenes. The molecular structures of the [4+2] cycloadducts were unambiguously characterized.

Akkermansia muciniphila-derived extracellular vesicles mitigate smoking-induced prostate inflammation and fibrosis.

Background: Cigarette smoking (CS) is a well-known risk factor for inducing prostate inflammation and fibrosis, presenting significant threats to male reproductive health. Recent research has highlighted the significant role of gut microbiota (GM) in regulating extra-intestinal organs. This study aimed to investigate the effects of Akk and its extracellular vesicles (EVs) on CS-induced prostate inflammation and fibrosis.

Confined Flash Pt/WC inside Carbon Nanotubes for Efficient and Durable Electrocatalysis.

Exploiting cost-effective hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) catalysts is crucial for sustainable hydrogen production. However, currently reported nanocatalysts usually cannot simultaneously sustain high catalytic activity and long-term durability. Here, we report the efficient synthesis and activity tailoring of a chainmail catalyst, isolated platinum atom anchored tungsten carbide nanocrystals encapsulated inside carbon nanotubes (Pt/WC@CNTs), by confined flash Joule heating technique.

Differences in cerebral structure among patients with amnestic mild cognitive impairment and patients with Alzheimer's disease.

Background: Brain has been shown to undergo progressive atrophy in patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD); however, more evidence is needed to elucidate how the brain structure changes during the progression to AD. Here, we observed differences in the cerebral structure among patients with amnestic mild cognitive impairment (aMCI) and patients with AD.

Methods: A total of 46 participants were selected and divided into AD, aMCI, and healthy control (HC) groups.

Partial thermal atomization of residual Ni NPs in single-walled carbon nanotubes for efficient CO electroreduction.

CO electroreduction (CORR) is an important solution for converting inert CO into high value-added fuels and chemicals under mild conditions. The decisive factor lies in the rational design and preparation of cost-effective and high-performance electrocatalysts. Herein, we first prepare a novel f-SWNTs-650 catalyst a facile partial thermal atomization strategy, where the residual Ni particles in single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) are partially converted into atomically dispersed NiN species.

Substituent effect in determining the total structure of an all-alkynyl-protected Ag nanocluster for methanol tolerant oxygen reduction reaction.

Metal nanoclusters (NCs) with atomically precise structures are desirable models for truly understanding their structure-property relationship. This study reports the synthesis and structural anatomy of a Ag NC protected solely by an alkynyl ligand, 2-(trifluoromethyl)phenylacetylene (2-CFPhC[triple bond, length as m-dash]CH), which features a -CF substituent at the position (-CF). 2-CFPhC[triple bond, length as m-dash]CH ligands are so exquisitely arranged on the surface of Ag that the steric hindrance caused by -CF is minimized but its function as a hydrogen-bond (H-bond) acceptor (H⋯F) is maximized.

Dynamics of alternative polyadenylation in single root cells of .

Introduction: Single-cell RNA-seq (scRNA-seq) technologies have been widely used to reveal the diversity and complexity of cells, and pioneering studies on scRNA-seq in plants began to emerge since 2019. However, existing studies on plants utilized scRNA-seq focused only on the gene expression regulation. As an essential post-transcriptional mechanism for regulating gene expression, alternative polyadenylation (APA) generates diverse mRNA isoforms with distinct 3' ends through the selective use of different polyadenylation sites in a gene.

Cr dopant mediates hydroxyl spillover on RuO for high-efficiency proton exchange membrane electrolysis.

Simultaneously improving the activity and stability of catalysts for anodic oxygen evolution reaction (OER) in proton exchange membrane water electrolysis (PEMWE) remains a notable challenge. Here, we report a chromium-doped ruthenium dioxide with oxygen vacancies, termed CrRuO, that drives OER with an overpotential of 170 mV at 10 mA cm and operates stably over 2000 h in acidic media. Experimental and theoretical studies show that the synergy of Cr dopant and oxygen vacancy induces an unconventional dopant-mediated hydroxyl spillover mechanism.

Exploring the relationship between pyroptosis and inflammatory bone loss: Evidence from a cigarette smoke-induced osteoporosis mouse model.

Smoking is by far one of the greatest public health threats and is recognized as an important predisposing factor for osteoporosis. Exposure to cigarette smoke (CS) has been reported to be associated with inflammation-associated diseases through the induction of pyroptosis. Nevertheless, the correlation between pyroptosis and bone loss induced by CS remains uninvestigated.

High-Electrochemical-Activity Composite Cathode Enabled by Fast Segmental Relaxation for Solid-State Lithium-Sulfur Batteries.

Solid-state lithium-sulfur batteries (SSLSBs) have attracted a great deal of attention because of their high theoretical energy density and intrinsic safety. However, their practical applications are severely impeded by slow redox kinetics and poor cycling stability. Herein, we revealed the detrimental effect of aggregation of lithium polysulfides (LiPSs) on the redox kinetics and reversibility of SSLSBs.

The jacktree genome and population genomics provides insights for the mechanisms of the germination obstacle and the conservation of endangered ornamental plants.

Hu represents the first woody genus described by Chinese botanists, with all species classified as endangered ornamental plants endemic to China. Their characteristic spindle-shaped fruits confer high ornamental value to the plants, making them favored in gardens and parks. Nevertheless, the fruits likely pose a germination obstacle, contributing to the endangered status of this lineage.

Unveiling Atomic-Scaled Local Chemical Order of High-Entropy Intermetallic Catalyst for Alkyl-Substitution-Dependent Alkyne Semihydrogenation.

High-entropy intermetallic (HEI) nanocrystals, composed of multiple elements with an ordered structure, are of immense interest in heterogeneous catalysis due to their unique geometric and electronic structures and the cocktail effect. Despite tremendous efforts dedicated to regulating the metal composition and structures with advanced synthetic methodologies to improve the performance, the surface structure, and local chemical order of HEI and their correlation with activity at the atomic level remain obscure yet challenging. Herein, by determining the three-dimensional (3D) atomic structure of quinary PdFeCoNiCu (PdM) HEI using atomic-resolution electron tomography, we reveal that the local chemical order of HEI regulates the surface electronic structures, which further mediates the alkyl-substitution-dependent alkyne semihydrogenation.

Artemisinin ameliorates cognitive decline by inhibiting hippocampal neuronal ferroptosis via Nrf2 activation in T2DM mice.

Background: Neuronal ferroptosis plays a critical role in the pathogenesis of cognitive deficits. The present study explored whether artemisinin protected type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) mice from cognitive impairments by attenuating neuronal ferroptosis in the hippocampal CA1 region.

Methods: STZ-induced T2DM mice were treated with artemisinin (40 mg/kg, i.

Oxygen Vacancy and Heterostructure Modulation of CoP/FeP Electrocatalysts for Improving Total Water Splitting.

Designing a stable and highly active catalyst for hydrogen evolution and oxygen evolution reactions (HER/OER) is essential for the industrialization of hydrogen energy but remains a major challenge. This work reports a simple approach to fabricating coupled CoP/FeP nanorod array catalyst for overall water decomposition, demonstrating the source of excellent activity in the catalytic process. Under alkaline conditions, CoP/FeP heterostructures exhibit an overpotential of 96 and 220 mV for HER and OER, respectively, at 10 mA cm.

Task-state skin potential abnormalities can distinguish major depressive disorder and bipolar depression from healthy controls.

Early detection of bipolar depression (BPD) and major depressive disorder (MDD) has been challenging due to the lack of reliable and easily measurable biological markers. This study aimed to investigate the accuracy of discriminating patients with mood disorders from healthy controls based on task state skin potential characteristics and their correlation with individual indicators of oxidative stress. A total of 77 patients with BPD, 53 patients with MDD, and 79 healthy controls were recruited.

Sexual dimorphism in bladder cancer: a review of etiology, biology, diagnosis, and outcomes.

Bladder carcinoma represents a prevalent malignancy, wherein the influence of sex extends across its incidence, biological attributes, and clinical outcomes. This scholarly exposition meticulously examines pertinent investigations, elucidating the nuanced impact of sex on bladder cancer, and posits cogent avenues for future research and intervention modalities. In the initial discourse, an exhaustive scrutiny is undertaken of the etiological underpinnings of bladder cancer, encompassing variables such as tobacco consumption, occupational exposures, and genetic aberrations.

Multi-omics combined with MALDI mass spectroscopy imaging reveals the mechanisms of biosynthesis of characteristic compounds in Diels et Gilg.

Diels et Gilg is recognized as a source of extracts with various desirable bioactivities. However, current knowledge regarding the mechanisms of biosynthesis of flavonoids, phenolic compounds, and other bioactive chemicals is limited. We conducted comprehensive tissue distribution studies and biosynthetic analyses of the 26 main bioactive compounds of this plant.

Aptamer-functionalized hydrogels promote bone healing by selectively recruiting endogenous bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells.

Bone regeneration heavily relies on bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs). However, recruiting endogenous BMSCs for in situ bone regeneration remains challenging. In this study, we developed a novel BMSC-aptamer (BMSC-apt) functionalized hydrogel (BMSC-aptgel) and evaluated its functions in recruiting BMSCs and promoting bone regeneration.

Analysis of Growth Trajectories and Verification of Related SNPs in .

As an important timber genus with high economic and ecological values, is a model for dissecting the genetic architecture of growth traits in perennial forest trees. However, the genetic mechanisms of longitudinal growth traits in poplar remain incompletely understood. In this study, we conducted longitudinal genetic analysis of height and diameter at breast height (DBH) in eleven-year poplar clones using ultra-deep sequencing datasets.

MCNet: A multi-level context-aware network for the segmentation of adrenal gland in CT images.

Accurate segmentation of the adrenal gland from abdominal computed tomography (CT) scans is a crucial step towards facilitating the computer-aided diagnosis of adrenal-related diseases such as essential hypertension and adrenal tumors. However, the small size of the adrenal gland, which occupies less than 1% of the abdominal CT slice, poses a significant challenge to accurate segmentation. To address this problem, we propose a novel multi-level context-aware network (MCNet) to segment adrenal glands in CT images.