Megalurothrips usitatus (Bagnall) (Thysanoptera: Thripidae) and Frankliniella intonsa (Trybom) (Thysanoptera: Thripidae) have been detrimental to cowpea production in many countries. Laboratory experiments were conducted to determine the prey stage preference and functional response of 2 predatory mites species, Neoseiulus barkeri (Hughes) (Acari: Phytoseiidae), and Neoseiulus californicus (McGregor) (Acari: Phytoseiidae), towards 2 thrips species (TS), M. usitatus, and F.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFThe thrips Megalurothrips usitatus Bagnall and Frankliniella intonsa Trybom (Thysanoptera: Thripidae) are important pests in cowpea-growing areas of south China. Parthenogenesis is an important reproductive form of thysanopterans, and plays an important role in maintaining population growth. To understand the developmental and reproductive characteristics of these 2 thrips species during parthenogenesis, we compared the age-stage life tables of M.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFSystemic neonicotinoid insecticides (NEOs) applied by seed-treatment or root application have emerged as a prevalent strategy for early-season insect pest management. This research investigated the effectiveness of imidacloprid and thiamethoxam, administered through root irrigation, in managing thrips in cowpea [Vigna unguiculata (Linn.) Walp.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFThe potato tuber moth, Phthorimaea operculella, is the most damaging potato pest in the world and is difficult to control as the larvae are internal feeders in the foliage and tubers. Entomopathogenic fungi that colonize plants as endophytes have lethal and sublethal pathological effects on insect pests. We show that Beauveria bassiana colonizes the aerial parts of potato plants endophytically after inoculation through soil drenching.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFClin Gastroenterol Hepatol
June 2022
Background & Aims: Both environmental factors, such as alcohol consumption and smoking, and genetic factors are strongly associated with the risk of developing chronic pancreatitis (CP). However, comprehensive understanding of their impacts on the progression of CP remains elusive.
Methods: A prospective cohort study was performed on a large cohort of CP patients with known genetic backgrounds.
Objective: The relationship between SPINK1 and pancreatic cancer (PC) remains controversial. The current study aimed to determine the effect of SPINK1 mutations on PC development among patients with chronic pancreatitis (CP).
Methods: This is a prospective observational study including a large cohort of 965 CP patients with 11-year follow-up.
Background: The relationship between chronic pancreatitis (CP) and acute pancreatitis (AP) is complex and not well understood. CP could be preceded by antecedent episodes of AP.
Aims: The aim of this study was to explore both genetic and environmental factors associated with AP episodes before the diagnosis of CP.
Western flower thrip, Frankliniella occidentalis (Pergande), is among the most economically important agricultural pests globally, attacking a wide range of vegetable and horticultural crops. In addition to causing extensive crop damage, the species is notorious for vectoring destructive plant viruses, mainly belonging to the genera Orthotospovirus, Ilarvirus, Alphacarmovirus and Machlomovirus. Once infected by orthotospoviruses, thrips can remain virulent throughout their lifespan and continue transmitting viruses to host plants when and wherever they feed.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFPlanthoppers (Nilaparvata lugens, Sogatella furcifera, and Laodelphax striatellus) (Hemiptera: Delphacidae) are the most important pests affecting rice production. Pesticide spraying for its control may cause harmful effects on human health and the environment, especially the loss of biodiversity. The consequences of these changes on biodiversity and ecological services are well studied in tropical irrigated paddy fields, but are largely unknown in subtropical areas.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBackground: The smallest diagnostically appropriate amount of contrast medium should be used in coronary computed tomography angiography (CCTA).
Purpose: To investigate the feasibility of prospectively ECG-triggered high-pitch CCTA using 30 mL of 270 mg I/mL contrast material, 80 kVp, and iterative reconstruction (IR).
Material And Methods: Eighty-two consecutive patients underwent CCTA with a prospectively ECG-triggered high-pitch protocol.
World J Gastroenterol
August 2014
Hepatic encephalopathy (HE) is a neuropsychiatric complication of cirrhosis or acute liver failure. Currently, HE is regarded as a continuous cognitive impairment ranging from the mildest stage, minimal HE to overt HE. Hyperammonaemia and neuroinflammation are two main underlying factors which contribute to the neurological alterations in HE.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFObjectives: To evaluate the feasibility and findings of combined dual-energy computed tomography (DECT) lung ventilation/perfusion imaging in patients with suspected pulmonary embolism (PE).
Methods: This study was institutional review board-approved and written informed consent was obtained from each patient. Thirty-two subjects (aged 11-61 years) underwent combined xenon-enhanced ventilation and iodine-enhanced perfusion DECT.
Computed tomography (CT) plays a pivotal role in the detection, characterization, and staging of lung cancer and other thoracic malignancies. Since the introduction of clinically viable dual-energy CT techniques, substantial evidence has accumulated on the use of this modality for imaging chest malignancies. This article describes the principles of dual-energy CT along with suitable image acquisition, reconstruction, and postprocessing strategies for oncologic applications in the chest.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFPurpose: To evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of digital subtraction computed tomographic (CT) angiography in the detection of intracranial aneurysms compared with three-dimensional (3D) rotational digital subtraction angiography (DSA), as reference standard, in a large cohort in a single center.
Materials And Methods: The study was waived by the institutional review board because of its retrospective nature. A total of 513 patients clinically suspected of having or with known intracranial aneurysms and other cerebral vascular diseases underwent both digital subtraction CT angiography with a dual-source CT scanner and 3D DSA, with a median interval of 1 day; 436 patients (84.
J Comput Assist Tomogr
January 2011
Purpose: To evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of dual-energy computed tomographic angiography (DE-CTA) in the detection of intracranial aneurysms and to determine whether DE-CTA provides adequate information to guide treatment choice.
Materials And Methods: Eighty patients (31 men and 49 women; mean [SD] ages of 52 [9] years) with spontaneous subarachnoid hemorrhage underwent DE-CTA. The performance of DE-CTA was compared with conventional CTA created from average weighted images and digital subtraction angiography (DSA).
Background: Dual-source CT coronary angiography (CTCA) has been used to detect coronary artery disease; however, the factors with potential to affect its diagnostic accuracy remain to be defined.
Purpose: To prospectively evaluate the accuracy of dual-source CTCA in diagnosing coronary artery stenosis according to conventional coronary angiography (CAG), and the effect of average heart rate, heart rate variability, and calcium score on the accuracy of CTCA.
Material And Methods: A total of 113 patients underwent both dual-source CTCA and CAG.
Purpose: To evaluate the feasibility and value of dual-energy computed tomography myocardial iodine maps in the diagnosis of acute myocardial infarction.
Materials And Methods: In 6 dogs, arterial-phase myocardial dual-energy computed tomography imaging were performed 1 day prior to and 3 hours after the surgical ligation of the left anterior descending artery to generate 100 kVp, 140 kVp, average weighted images, and dual energy myocardial iodine maps. For each of the 17 segments of the left ventricle (LV, 102 total segments), the presence or absence myocardial infarction was determined by histopathology and correlated to blinded reader determination of infarcted and noninfarcted myocardium at computed tomography (CT).
Purpose: To compare virtual non-enhanced liver CT (VNCT) from dual-energy CT (DECT) with true non-enhanced liver CT (TNCT) in patients.
Methods: A total of 102 patients underwent multi-phase abdominal CT. Liver arterial VNCT (VNCT(A)) and portovenous VNCT (VNCT(V)) images were derived from the arterial and portovenous DECT data.
There is a lack of research on volumetric multi-slice CT (MSCT) application in hip densitometric assessment and geometric measures in elderly women with osteoporotic vertebral fractures. A total of 237 elderly women were divided into three groups based on BMD values of the lumbar spine (AP-SPINE) and/or the femoral neck (NECK) by dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA): osteoporosis with (OP_FX, 53 cases) or without vertebral fracture (OP_NONFX, 94 cases), or normal BMD (CONTROL, 90 cases). Volumetric BMD of trabecular bone (TRAB), integral bone (INTGL) and cortical bone (CORT) with neck axis length (NAL) and minimum cross-section area (mCSA) measures of the left femoral neck were calculated, respectively, by using OsteoCAD software based on MSCT scans of the abdominal-pelvic region of all participants, then the index of femoral neck strength (FNSI) was estimated.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFObjective: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the image quality, radiation dose, and diagnostic accuracy of dual-energy CT angiography (CTA) compared with 3D rotational digital subtraction angiography (DSA) in the detection of intracranial aneurysms.
Subjects And Methods: Forty-six patients with clinically suspected intracranial aneurysms underwent dual-source dual-energy CTA and 3D DSA. For the analysis of the image quality and radiation dose of dual-energy CTA, 46 patients who underwent digital subtraction CTA were recruited as a control group.
The purpose of the study was to compare the ability of dual energy CT (DECT) and perfusion scintigraphy (PS) to detect pulmonary embolism (PE) in a rabbit model. Gelfoam (n = 20) or saline (n = 4) was injected into the femoral vein of rabbits. After 2 h, DECT pulmonary angiography (CTPA) was used to create blood flow imaging (BFI) and fusion images.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFObjective: To demonstrate the validity and reliability of volumetric quantitative computed tomography (vQCT) with multi-slice computed tomography (MSCT) and dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) for hip bone mineral density (BMD) measurements, and to compare the differences between the two techniques in discriminating postmenopausal women with osteoporosis-related vertebral fractures from those without.
Methods: Ninety subjects were enrolled and divided into three groups based on the BMD values of the lumbar spine and/or the femoral neck by DXA. Groups 1 and 2 consisted of postmenopausal women with BMD changes <-2SD, with and without radiographically confirmed vertebral fracture (n=11 and 33, respectively).
Purpose: To evaluate feasibility and added value of dual-energy computed tomography (CT) in diagnosis of pulmonary embolism (PE).
Materials And Methods: This institutional animal experimental committee-approved study was performed in accordance with animal care guidelines. Eight New Zealand rabbits underwent standard unenhanced and contrast material-enhanced dual-source CT.
Purpose: The purpose of this study was to assess the clinical value of dual-source computed tomography (DSCT) in the detection and dynamic evaluation of the anomalous origin of the right coronary artery originating from the left coronary sinus of Valsalva (ARCAOLS) with an interarterial course.
Materials And Methods: Thirteen patients with ARCAOLS with an interarterial course and 11 controls with normal origin of the right coronary artery (RCA) were included into this study from December 2006 to April 2008. The origin and course of the RCA were determined on maximum intensity projection, volume rendering, and virtual endoscopy images.
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