Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels and the risk of non-alcoholic fatty liver: A two-sample Mendelian randomization study.

Background: Accumulated studies have shown that low expression of 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] was significantly associated with the risk of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). However, the exact causality is still unknown. The aim of this study was to investigate whether levels of 25(OH)D are associated with risk of NAFLD, using a two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR).

Interaction of acetic acid bacteria and lactic acid bacteria in multispecies solid-state fermentation of traditional Chinese cereal vinegar.

The microbial community plays an important role on the solid-state fermentation (SSF) of Chinese cereal vinegar, where acetic acid bacteria (AAB) and lactic acid bacteria (LAB) are the dominant bacteria. In this study, the top-down () and bottom-up () approaches were employed to reveal the interaction of AAB and LAB in SSF of Shanxi aged vinegar (SAV). The results of high-throughput sequencing indicates that and are the predominant species of AAB and LAB, respectively, and they showed negative interrelationship during the fermentation.

Single cell analysis of cribriform prostate cancer reveals cell intrinsic and tumor microenvironmental pathways of aggressive disease.

Cribriform prostate cancer, found in both invasive cribriform carcinoma (ICC) and intraductal carcinoma (IDC), is an aggressive histological subtype that is associated with progression to lethal disease. To delineate the molecular and cellular underpinnings of ICC/IDC aggressiveness, this study examines paired ICC/IDC and benign prostate surgical samples by single-cell RNA-sequencing, TCR sequencing, and histology. ICC/IDC cancer cells express genes associated with metastasis and targets with potential for therapeutic intervention.

Case report: Cryptogenic giant brain abscess caused by mimicking stroke and tumor in a patient with impaired immunity.

The highly lethal cryptogenic brain abscess can be easily misdiagnosed. However, cryptogenic brain abscess caused by is rarely reported. We present the case of a cryptogenic brain abscess and analyze the clinical manifestations, imaging findings, treatment, and outcome to improve the level of awareness, aid in accurate diagnosis, and highlight effective clinical management.

A pathway for chitin oxidation in marine bacteria.

Oxidative degradation of chitin, initiated by lytic polysaccharide monooxygenases (LPMOs), contributes to microbial bioconversion of crystalline chitin, the second most abundant biopolymer in nature. However, our knowledge of oxidative chitin utilization pathways, beyond LPMOs, is very limited. Here, we describe a complete pathway for oxidative chitin degradation and its regulation in a marine bacterium, Pseudoalteromonas prydzensis.

A hybrid generative adversarial network for weakly-supervised cloud detection in multispectral images.

Cloud detection is a crucial step in the optical satellite image processing pipeline for Earth observation. Clouds in optical remote sensing images seriously affect the visibility of the background and greatly reduce the usability of images for land applications. Traditional methods based on thresholding, multi-temporal or multi-spectral information are often specific to a particular satellite sensor.

Label-free fluorescence aptasensor for the detection of patulin using target-induced DNA gates and TCPP/BDC-NH mixed ligands functionalized Zr-MOF systems.

Patulin (PAT) is an unsaturated lactone mycotoxin primarily produced by Penicillium expansum and Aspergillus clavatus. Given the potential health risks and economic losses associated with PAT, the rapid detection of PAT using fluorescent aptasensors is of significant importance in evaluating food safety. However, it easily increases the cost and complexity caused by signal labeling.

A retrospective study about incidental appendectomy during the laparoscopic treatment of intussusception.

Purpose: We aim to see incidental appendectomy (IA) was worth or not during the laparoscopic treatment of intussusception.

Methods: This study included forty-eight patients who underwent a laparoscopic procedure for idiopathic intussusception without intestinal resection between April 2014 and April 2021. The Chi-square or Fisher's exact tests for categorical variables and the Student -test for continuous variables were used to analyze and compare patient characteristics.

Effect of Different Doses of Vitamin D on the Intestinal Flora of Babies with Eczema: An Experimental Study.

Infantile eczema is a common allergic disease caused by a variety of factors, which is often accompanied by immune dysfunction and dysbiosis of the intestinal flora. Vitamin D may affect the composition and function of intestinal flora by regulating the expression of antimicrobial peptides, thereby avoiding intestinal dysbiosis. The present study aims to explore whether the disorder of intestinal flora and immune function can be reversed by changing the Vit D intake of eczema infants.

Association between triglyceride glucose index, coronary artery calcification and multivessel coronary disease in Chinese patients with acute coronary syndrome.

Background: Multivessel coronary disease (MVCD) is the common type of coronary artery disease in acute coronary syndrome (ACS). Coronary artery calcification (CAC) has been confirmed the strong predictor of major adverse cardiovascular events (MACEs). Several studies have validated that triglyceride glucose (TyG) index can reflect the degree of coronary calcification or predict MACEs.

Single-cell transcriptomics uncovers cellular architecture and developmental trajectories in hepatoblastoma.

Background And Aims: Hepatoblastoma (HB) is the predominant type of childhood liver cancer. Treatment options for the clinically advanced HB remain limited. We aimed to dissect the cellular and molecular basis underlying HB oncogenesis and heterogeneity at the single-cell level, which could facilitate a better understanding of HB at both the biological and clinical levels.

scMTD: a statistical multidimensional imputation method for single-cell RNA-seq data leveraging transcriptome dynamic information.

Background: Single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) provides a powerful tool to capture transcriptomes at single-cell resolution. However, dropout events distort the gene expression levels and underlying biological signals, misleading the downstream analysis of scRNA-seq data.

Results: We develop a statistical model-based multidimensional imputation algorithm, scMTD, that identifies local cell neighbors and specific gene co-expression networks based on the pseudo-time of cells, leveraging information on cell-level, gene-level, and transcriptome dynamic to recover scRNA-seq data.

Beyond CNNs: Exploiting Further Inherent Symmetries in Medical Image Segmentation.

Automatic tumor or lesion segmentation is a crucial step in medical image analysis for computer-aided diagnosis. Although the existing methods based on convolutional neural networks (CNNs) have achieved the state-of-the-art performance, many challenges still remain in medical tumor segmentation. This is because, although the human visual system can detect symmetries in 2-D images effectively, regular CNNs can only exploit translation invariance, overlooking further inherent symmetries existing in medical images, such as rotations and reflections.

Involvement of in phosphates starvation-induced alkaloid biosynthesis in (Thunb.) Breit.

Nowadays, because of the great benefit to human health, more and more efforts have been made to increase the production of alkaloids in (Thunb.) Breit. Phosphate (Pi) plays a critical role in plant growth and development, as well as secondary metabolism.

Corilagin: A Novel Antivirulence Strategy to Alleviate Infection by Diminishing Pneumolysin Oligomers.

Pneumolysin (PLY) is a significant virulence factor of (), able to break through the defense system of a host and mediate the occurrence of a series of infections. Therefore, PLY as the most ideal target to prevent infection has received more and more attention and research. Corilagin is a tannic acid that exhibits excellent inhibition of PLY oligomers without bacteriostatic activity to .

microRNA Expression Levels Change in Neonatal Patients During and After Exposure to Cardiopulmonary Bypass.

Background The systemic inflammation that occurs after exposure to cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB), which is especially severe in neonatal patients, is associated with poorer outcomes and is not well understood. In order to gain deeper insight into how exposure to bypass activates inflammatory responses in circulating leukocytes, we studied changes in microRNA (miRNA) expression during and after exposure to bypass. miRNAs are small noncoding RNAs that have important roles in modulating protein levels and function of cells.

Integrated Prediction Framework for Clinical Scores of Cognitive Functions in ESRD Patients.

The clinical scores are applied to determine the stage of cognitive function in patients with end-stage renal disease (ESRD). However, accurate clinical scores are hard to come by. This paper proposed an integrated prediction framework with GPLWLSV to predict clinical scores of cognitive functions in ESRD patients.

Clinical outcomes and risk factors for postoperative complications in children with Hirschsprung's disease.

Objective: To explore and analyze the risk factors for postoperative complications in patients with Hirschsprung's disease (HD).

Methods: Patients with HD admitted to the hospital from 2015 to 2020 were reviewed in this retrospective study. Follow-up data collected included constipation, fecal incontinence, anastomotic fistula, Hirschsprung's-associated enterocolitis (HAEC), and readmission.

Exploring the Spatial Distribution of Rheumatic Diseases and Its Correlation With Temperature and Humidity Among Middle-Aged and Elderly Adults in China.

This study aimed to analyze the prevalence of rheumatic diseases and its correlation with temperature and humidity among middle-aged and elderly adults in China from a spatial perspective. Data on rheumatic diseases among middle-aged and elderly adults were sourced from the 2018 China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS). Moran's was applied to explore the spatial autocorrelation of rheumatic diseases.

The characteristics of fundus microvascular alterations in the course of glaucoma: a narrative review.

Background And Objective: As the vascular theory has led many researchers to focus on vascular dysfunction in the pathogenesis of glaucoma, a better understanding of ocular microcirculation would be of great significance. The emergence of optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) has shed light on the various fundus microvascular changes that occur in glaucoma, thus providing ample evidence in the role of microvascular dysfunction in glaucoma. The aim of this review is to provide an overview of the retinal and choroidal microvascular alterations that occur in glaucoma and to address the role of microvascular alterations in the pathogenesis, diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment of glaucoma.

Single-frequency Tm-doped fiber laser with 215 mW at 2.05 µm based on a Tm/Ho-codoped fiber saturable absorber.

We demonstrate an efficient single-frequency Tm-doped fiber laser at 2050 nm. A ring cavity scheme is employed to boost the net gain at the wavelength. A piece of Tm/Ho-codoped fiber with an absorption coefficient at 2050 nm higher than that of a Tm-doped fiber is used to establish the dynamic Bragg grating for enhancing the frequency selection capability.

Erbium-doped ZBLAN fiber laser pumped at 1.7 µm for emission at 2.8 µm.

In this paper, a novel, to the best of our knowledge, efficient pump scheme for an erbium-doped fluoride fiber laser with emission at 2.8 µm in the mid-infrared region is proposed and demonstrated. A singular pump source at 1.

DC ENaC-Dependent Inflammasome Activation Contributes to Salt-Sensitive Hypertension.

Background: Salt sensitivity of blood pressure is an independent predictor of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. The exact mechanism by which salt intake increases blood pressure and cardiovascular risk is unknown. We previously found that sodium entry into antigen-presenting cells (APCs) via the amiloride-sensitive epithelial sodium channel EnaC (epithelial sodium channel) leads to the formation of IsoLGs (isolevuglandins) and release of proinflammatory cytokines to activate T cells and modulate salt-sensitive hypertension.

Combined Dusp4 and p53 loss with Dbf4 amplification drives tumorigenesis via cell cycle restriction and replication stress escape in breast cancer.

Aim: Deregulated signaling pathways are a hallmark feature of oncogenesis and driver of tumor progression. Dual specificity protein phosphatase 4 (DUSP4) is a critical negative regulator of the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway and is often deleted or epigenetically silenced in tumors. DUSP4 alterations lead to hyperactivation of MAPK signaling in many cancers, including breast cancer, which often harbor mutations in cell cycle checkpoint genes, particularly in TP53.

Secular Trends in Risk Profiles Among Adults With Cardiovascular Disease in the United States.

Background: Documenting trends in risk factors among individuals with cardiovascular disease (CVD) may inform policy and secondary prevention initiatives.

Objectives: This study aimed to examine 20-year trends in risk profiles among U.S.