Deficiency of ATF3 facilitates both angiotensin II-induced and spontaneously formed aortic aneurysm and dissection development by activating cGAS-STING pathway.

Background: Sporadic aortic aneurysm and dissection (AAD) is a critical condition characterised by the progressive loss of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) and the breakdown of the extracellular matrix. However, the molecular mechanisms responsible for the phenotypic switch and loss of VSMCs in AAD are not fully understood.

Methods And Results: In this study, we employed a discovery-driven, unbiased approach.

Holistic investigation of the anti-wrinkle and repair efficacy of a facial cream enriched with C-xyloside.

Objective: To investigate the repairing and anti-wrinkle efficacy of the facial cream enriched with C-xyloside, aiming at comprehensively evaluating its skin anti- aging effect and clarify its potential mechanism of action.

Methods: The repairing efficacy was studied on 3D epidermis skin model and the antiaging efficacy was studied on ex-vivo human skin. Two clinical studies were conducted with Chinese females.

Single-cell RNA sequencing identifies interferon-inducible monocytes/macrophages as a cellular target for mitigating the progression of abdominal aortic aneurysm and rupture risk.

Aims: Abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) represents a life-threatening condition characterized by medial layer degeneration of the abdominal aorta. Nevertheless, knowledge regarding changes in regulators associated with aortic status remains incomplete. A thorough understanding of cell types and signalling pathways involved in the development and progression of AAAs is essential for the development of medical therapy.

Ncf1 knockout in smooth muscle cells exacerbates angiotensin II-induced aortic aneurysm and dissection by activating the STING pathway.

Aims: Aortic aneurysm and dissection (AAD) is caused by the progressive loss of aortic smooth muscle cells (SMCs) and is associated with a high mortality rate. Identifying the mechanisms underlying SMC apoptosis is crucial for preventing AAD. Neutrophil cytoplasmic factor 1 (Ncf1) is essential in reactive oxygen species production and SMC apoptosis; Ncf1 absence leads to autoimmune diseases and chronic inflammation.

Baloxavir marboxil use for critical human infection of avian influenza A H5N6 virus.

Background: Recent outbreaks of avian influenza and ongoing virus reassortment have drawn focus on spill-over infections. The increase in human infections with highly pathogenic avian influenza H5N6 virus and its high fatality rate posed a potential threat, necessitating the search for a more effective treatment.

Methods: Longitudinal clinical data and specimens were collected from five H5N6 patients after admission.

MicroRNA let-7a mediates posttranscriptional inhibition of Nr4A1 and exacerbates cardiac allograft rejection.

Background: Acute allograft rejection remains a major obstacle after heart transplantation, and CD4+ T cells play a crucial role in allograft rejection. Upregulation of Nr4A1 could regulate CD4+ T-cell function and alleviate allograft rejection. However, the regulatory mechanism of Nr4A1 in allograft rejection remains elusive.

Loss of Ufl1/Ufbp1 in hepatocytes promotes liver pathological damage and carcinogenesis through activating mTOR signaling.

Background: Ufm1-specific ligase 1 (Ufl1) and Ufm1-binding protein 1 (Ufbp1), as putative targets of ubiquitin-fold modifier 1 (Ufm1), have been implicated in several pathogenesis-related signaling pathways. However, little is known about their functional roles in liver disease.

Methods: Hepatocyte-specific Ufl1 and Ufbp1 mice were used to study their role in liver injury.

Early activation of cellular stress and death pathways caused by cytoplasmic TDP-43 in the rNLS8 mouse model of ALS and FTD.

TAR DNA binding protein 43 (TDP-43) pathology is a key feature of over 95% of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and nearly half of frontotemporal dementia (FTD) cases. The pathogenic mechanisms of TDP-43 dysfunction are poorly understood, however, activation of cell stress pathways may contribute to pathogenesis. We, therefore, sought to identify which cell stress components are critical for driving disease onset and neurodegeneration in ALS and FTD.

Aortic Dissection Research in China: Analysis of Studies Funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China.

Objective: The National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC) has made great progress in promoting the development of aortic dissection research in recent years. This study aimed to examine the development and research status of aortic dissection research in China so as to provide references for future research.

Methods: The NSFC projects data from 2008 to 2019 were collected from the Internet-based Science Information System and other websites utilized as search engines.

CDK5RAP3, a key defender of udder, modulates NLRP3 inflammasome activation by regulating autophagolysosome degradation in S. agalactiae-infected mastitis.

Streptococcus agalactiae, as one of the main pathogens of clinical and subclinical mastitis, affects animal welfare and leads to huge economic losses to farms due to the sharp decline in milk yield. However, both the real pathogenic mechanisms of S. agalactiae-induced mastitis and the regulator which controls the inflammation and autophagy are largely unknown.

Oltipraz, the activator of nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2), protects against the formation of BAPN-induced aneurysms and dissection of the thoracic aorta in mice by inhibiting activation of the ROS-mediated NLRP3 inflammasome.

Background: Thoracic aortic aneurysm and dissection (TAAD) is caused by the apoptosis and phenotypic transformation of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs). The dysfunction of VSMCs affects their secretion of chemokines such as monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) to recruit the infiltration of macrophages which release proinflammatory cytokines and matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) to accelerate the process of TAAD formation.

Approach And Results: We analyzed the expression levels of nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) in aortic tissues of TAAD patients and the β-aminopropionitrile fumarate (BAPN)-induced mouse model, and the levels of Nrf2 were elevated in both aortic lesions.

One-step synthesis of well-defined molecularly imprinted nanospheres for the class-selective recognition and separation of β-blockers in human serum.

β-blockers are a class of medications that are used to treat abnormal heart rhythms and hypertension. Molecularly imprinted polymers (MIPs) capable of selective recognizing and extracting β-blockers from complex biological samples hold great promise in bioanalytical and biomedical applications, but developing such artificial receptor materials is still challenging. Herein, we introduce a simple one-step method for the synthesis of well-defined molecularly imprinted nanospheres in high yield (83.

Hydrazone bond-oriented molecularly imprinted nanocomposites for the selective separation of protein via the well-defined recognition sites.

The development of hydrazone bond-oriented epitope imprinting strategy is reported to synthesize the polymeric binders for the selective recognition of a protein-β-microglobulin through either its N- or C-terminal epitope. The dynamic reversibility of hydrazone bond facilitated not only the oriented assembly of the template peptide hydrazides onto the substrate but also the efficient removal of them from the imprinted cavities. The well-defined surface imprinted layer was successfully constructed through the precise control over the polymerization of silicate esters.

Preoperative Nomogram and Risk Calculator for Postoperative Hypoxemia and Related Clinical Outcomes Following Stanford Type A Acute Aortic Dissection Surgery.

Background: Hypoxemia is a common complication after Stanford type A acute aortic dissection surgery (AADS), however, few studies about hypoxemia after AADS exist. The aims of this study were to identify independent risk factors for hypoxemia after AADS and to clarify its association with clinical outcomes.

Methods: Patients undergoing AADS from 2016 to 2019 in our hospital were identified and used as a training set.

Erratum: Autophagy-lysosome inhibitor chloroquine prevents CTLA-4 degradation of T cells and attenuates acute rejection in murine skin and heart transplantation: Erratum.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.7150/thno.43507.

Development and validation of a nomogram model for pneumonia after redo cardiac surgery.

Aims: Postoperative pneumonia (POP) after redo cardiac surgery is prevalent, associated with poor outcome. The aim of this study was to identify independent risk factors for POP after redo cardiac surgery and to develop and validate a prediction model.

Methods: Adults undergoing redo cardiac surgery from 2016 to 2019 were identified in a single-institution database.

B-cell lymphoma 6 alleviates nonalcoholic fatty liver disease in mice through suppression of fatty acid transporter CD36.

Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is an ubiquitous disease that exists across a wide spectrum ranging from steatosis, steatohepatitis, advanced fibrosis, and liver cirrhosis. Hallmarks of NAFLD are lipid accumulation, insulin resistance, and chronic low-grade inflammation. However, there currently are no medications approved for NAFLD.

Development and validation of a risk prediction model for postoperative pneumonia in adult patients undergoing Stanford type A acute aortic dissection surgery: a case control study.

Background: Pneumonia is a common complication after Stanford type A acute aortic dissection surgery (AADS) and contributes significantly to morbidity, mortality, and length of stay. The purpose of this study was to identify independent risk factors associated with pneumonia after AADS and to develop and validate a risk prediction model.

Methods: Adults undergoing AADS between 2016 and 2019 were identified in a single-institution database.

A Predictive Scoring Model for Postoperative Tracheostomy in Patients Who Underwent Cardiac Surgery.

Background: A subset of patients require a tracheostomy as respiratory support in a severe state after cardiac surgery. There are limited data to assess the predictors for requiring postoperative tracheostomy (POT) in cardiac surgical patients.

Methods: The records of adult patients who underwent cardiac surgery from 2016 to 2019 at our institution were reviewed.

Cytosporone B (Csn-B), an NR4A1 agonist, attenuates acute cardiac allograft rejection by inducing differential apoptosis of CD4+T cells.

CD4+T cell-mediated acute rejection remains a major factor that affects the early survival of transplanted organs post-transplantation. Here, we reveal that nuclear receptor subfamily 4 Group A member 1 (Nr4A1) was upregulated during cardiac allograft rejection and that the increased Nr4A1 was primarily localized in intragraft-infiltrating CD4+T cells. Nr4A1 acts as a transcription factor with an important role in CD4+T cell apoptosis, differentiation and T cell dysfunction, which indicates that Nr4A1 may play a critical role in transplant rejection.

Incidence, Risk Factors and Outcomes of Postoperative Headache After Stanford Type a Acute Aortic Dissection Surgery.

Postoperative headache (POH) is common in clinical practice, however, no studies about POH after Stanford type A acute aortic dissection surgery (AADS) exist. This study aims to describe the incidence, risk factors and outcomes of POH after AADS, and to construct two prediction models. Adults who underwent AADS from 2016 to 2020 in four tertiary hospitals were enrolled.