Detection of Transdermal Drug Delivery Efficiency by Shock Wave.

Objective: This study aimed to observe the drug distribution ex-vivo after transdermal drug delivery (TDD) by Shock Wave (SW) and to explore the different effects of the two types of shock waves.

Materials And Methods: Nine female Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were randomly divided into 3 groups: (i) control group; (ii) RESW group (0.35mJ/mm, 2 Hz, 400 pulse); (iii) FESW group (0.

[Immunosensor for rapid detection of 1,3-dinitrobenzene].

An immunosensor for the rapid detection of 1,3-dinitrobenzene was developed based on an evanescent wave all-fiber biosensing platform with the detection limits of 0.054 mg x L(-1), and the detection cycle was less than 10 min. Hapten-carrier conjugates NB-OVA were synthesized by mixing 4-nitrohippuric acid and OVA activated by EDC, and then the conjugates were immobilized onto the silane layer on the probe with a heterobifunctional crosslinker.

A reusable evanescent wave immunosensor for highly sensitive detection of bisphenol A in water samples.

This paper proposed a compact and portable planar waveguide evanescent wave immunosensor (EWI) for highly sensitive detection of BPA. The incident light is coupled into the planar waveguide chip via a beveled angle through undergoing total internal reflection, where the evanescent wave field forms and excites the binding fluorophore-tagged antibodies on the chip surface. Typical calibration curves obtained for BPA has detection limits of 0.

[Matrix effect and control of immunoassay for environmental samples].

Immunoassay provides very specific, highly sensitive, rapid, and cost-effective analyses for a variety of environmental contaminants. Since the immunoassay detects the environmental samples without pre-treatment, the interferences caused by various matrixes of environmental samples are a major problem, which can greatly affect the detection results. In this paper, based on the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for detection of Microcystin-LR (MC-LR), the effect of many kinds of matrixes on ELISA was systematically analyzed, and the corresponding method to control or eliminate the disbennifit effect was proposed.

A highly specific immunoassay for microcystin-LR detection based on a monoclonal antibody.

Microcystins (MC) are cyanobacterial hepatotoxins responsible for animal-poisoning and human health incidents. Immunoassays provide a sensitive and fast means to detect these toxins, but cross-reactivity (CR) characteristic of different antibodies was variable. Here, we have produced and characterized a monoclonal antibody (Clone MC8C10) with highly specificity against the most frequent and most toxic variant of microcystins, MC-LR.

A comprehensive immunoassay for the detection of microcystins in waters based on polyclonal antibodies.

Microcystins (MCs) are a group of closely related toxic cyclic heptapeptides produced by common cyanobacteria (blue-green algae), and microcystin-leucine-arginine (MC-LR) is among the most frequent and most toxic microcystin congeners. In this study, a free amino group was introduced to MC-LR at its seventh amino acid residue with 2-mercaptoethylamine, and the product aminoethyl-MC-LR was coupled to bovine serum albumin (BSA) and horseradish peroxidise (HRP) by glutaraldehyde to be complete antigen (MC-LR-BSA) and labelled hapten (MC-LR-HRP), respectively. Polyclonal antibodies against MC-LR were generated by immunization with MC-LR-BSA.

[Preparation of polyclonal antibody against microcystin-LR].

Good quality polyclonal antibody against Microcystin-LR (MC-LR) was obtained from the New Zealand rabbit immunized with the homemade complete antigen BSA-MC-LR. Indirect ELISA shows the titer of this antibody is more than 1.5 x 10(5); Indirect competitive ELISA immobilized the coating antigen OVA-MC-LR was adapted to detect MCs, the calibration curve shows that the detection lower limit is 10 ng/L, and the range of quantitative detection was between 30 ng/L to 3 microg/L, with a good linearity, which will well potentially suit for sensitive analysis for MC-LR in drinking as well as surface water samples.

[Synthesis of complete antigen of microcystin-LR and its antibody production].

Based on the analysis of coupling location, coupling regent, carrying protein and coupling process, completed antigen of Microcystin-LR (MC-LR) was synthesized. A free amidogen was introduced to microcystin-LR (MC-LR) using chemical modification (aminoethylation) of its 7th core amino acids, N-methyl-dehydroalanine. The intermediate product Aminoethyl-MC-LR (H2N-etMC-LR) was purified by Solid Phase Elute (SPE) and identified by Mass Spectrometry, then coupled with BSA through glutaraldehyde to be complete antigen.