Novel development of Poly(2-ethyl-2-oxazoline)-based mucoadhesive buccal film for poorly water-soluble drug delivery via hot-melt extrusion.

The first-pass effect and low water solubility are crucial limitations that hinder the drug from being absorbed into the systemic circulation, followed by oral administration. The mucoadhesive buccal delivery system offers direct drug absorption through the mucosa, reaching systemic circulation and bypassing the hepatic first-pass metabolism. This approach ensures high bioavailability and overcomes the swallowing difficulties associated with traditional oral delivery systems.

Analysis of causes and risk factors for early withdrawal from peritoneal dialysis therapy and development of a prediction nomogram.

Objective: This study aimed to explore the causes and risk factors for early withdrawal from treatment in patients starting peritoneal dialysis (PD) and establish a prediction model.

Materials And Methods: A single-center retrospective cohort study was conducted on 1,037 patients who received PD therapy at the Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University from January 2010 to June 2023. Demographic characteristics and laboratory examinations of the patients were collected.

Anxiety as a mediator between symptom distress and quality of life in peritoneal dialysis patients: insights from mediation analysis and nonlinear models.

Objectives: This study investigates anxiety's role as a mediator between symptom burden and quality of life in patients undergoing peritoneal dialysis, emphasizing the potential for targeted interventions to enhance patient outcomes.

Methods: In a cross-sectional design, 320 peritoneal dialysis patients were recruited, with 305 providing valid responses (response rate: 95.31%).

Expansion Characteristics and Shear Behavior of Reinforced Concrete Beams Under Non-Uniform Expansion Induced by Alkali-Silica Reaction.

Alkali-silica reaction (ASR) is an important factor that seriously affects the durability of reinforced concrete (RC) structures. The current research on alkali-aggregate mainly focuses on the deterioration mechanism of materials and the mechanical properties of standard specimens. However, there is a gap in the field of research on the effect of alkali-aggregate damage on the level of RC structures.

Immunological and protective evaluation of purE/purK gene-deletion mutant of Brucella melitensis M5 strain.

Brucellosis is listed by the World Health Organization as one of the seven most neglected global zoonotic diseases. A live-attenuated vaccine is still the main strategy used to prevent the spread of brucellosis. In this study, we constructed a two-gene (purE and purK)-deletion vaccine in Brucella melitensis vaccine strain M5 with homologous recombination.

Topological Fermiology of gate-tunable Rashba electron gases.

By introducing first-order quantum phases as topological invariants, recent symmetry analysis-based theories have reinvigorated magnetic quantum oscillations as a versatile quantum probe for unfolding the Fermi surface topology along with the geometry information, i.e., topo-Fermiology.

Evaluating the drug-drug interactions of SHR4640 on repaglinide and midazolam in healthy subjects.

Background: SHR4640, a highly selective URAT1 inhibitor, was evaluated to investigate its inhibitory effects on CYP2C8 and CYP3A4 in vivo clinical trial. This study assessed the pharmacokinetic (PK) impact of SHR4640 when co-administered with the CYP2C8 probe substrate repaglinide and the CYP3A4 probe substrate midazolam.

Research Design And Methods: In this single-center, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study, participants were randomly allocated in a 1:1:1 ratio to SHR4640 Group A, SHR4640 Group B, and placebo group and received oral repaglinide, midazolam, SHR4640 or placebo at specific times.

Advances in biomacromolecule-functionalized magnetic particles for phytopathogen detection.

Due to the increasing crop losses caused by common and newly emerging phytopathogens, there is a pressing need for the development of rapid and reliable methods for phytopathogen detection and analysis. Leveraging advancements in biochemical engineering technologies and nanomaterial sciences, researchers have put considerable efforts on utilizing biofunctionalized magnetic micro- and nanoparticles (MPs) to develop rapid and reliable systems for phytopathogen detection. MPs facilitate the rapid, high-throughput analysis and in-field applications, while the biomacromolecules, which play key roles in the biorecognitions, interactions and signal amplification, determine the specificity, sensitivity, reliability, and portability of pathogen detection systems.

Effect of Hepatic Impairment on the Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics of SHR4640, a Selective Human Urate Transporter 1 Inhibitor.

This parallel-group, open-label Phase I study evaluated the effect of mild to moderate hepatic impairment on pharmacokinetics (PK), pharmacodynamics (PD), and safety of a single oral dose of SHR4640. Participants with mild or moderate hepatic impairment were enrolled, with each cohort consisting of eight individuals, alongside eight well-matched controls with normal hepatic function. The participants were administered 10 mg SHR4640, and blood samples were collected for PK evaluation over 72 h.

Enhancing d/p-2π* Orbitals Hybridization via Strain Engineering for Efficient CO Photoreduction.

The photoconversion of CO into valuable chemical products using solar energy is a promising strategy to address both energy and environmental challenges. However, the strongly adsorbed CO frequently impedes the seamless advancement of the subsequent reaction by significantly increasing the reaction activation energy. Here, we present a BiFeO material with lattice strain that collaboratively regulates the d/p-2π* orbitals hybridization between metal sites and *CO as well as *COOH intermediates to achieve rapid conversion of solidly adsorbed CO to critical *COOH intermediates, accelerating the overall CO reduction kinetics.

Influence of γ-PGA on greenhouse gas emissions and grain yield from paddy rice under different rice varieties.

Background: Significant efforts have been devoted to assess the effects of the poly-gamma-glutamic acid (γ-PGA) on crop growth, yield and quality, soil water retention and fertilizer use efficiency. However, few studies have evaluated the effects of γ-PGA on greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions and grain yield from paddy fields with different rice varieties.

Methods: In the present study, a split-plot field experiment was performed to comprehensively evaluate the effects of γ-PGA concentrations (i.

Decomposing loss aversion from a single neural signal.

People often display stronger aversion to losses than appetite for equivalent gains, a widespread phenomenon known as loss aversion. The prevailing theory attributes loss aversion to a valuation bias that amplifies losses relative to gains. An alternative account attributes loss aversion to a response bias that avoids choices that might result in loss.

Amino modified nanofibers anchored to Prussian blue nanoparticles selectively remove Cs from water.

To improve the selective separation performance of silica nanofibers (SiO NFs) for cesium ions (Cs) and overcome the defects of Prussian blue nanoparticles (PB NPs), PB/SiO-NH NFs were prepared to remove Cs from water. Among them, 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane (APTES) underwent an alkylation reaction with SiO, resulting in the formation of a dense Si-O-Si network structure that decorated the surface of SiO NFs. Meanwhile, the amino functional groups in APTES combined with Fe and then reacted with Fe to form PB NPs, which anchored firmly on the aminoated SiO NFs surface.

Surface Gradient Ni-Rich Cathode for Li-Ion Batteries.

Nickel-rich layered oxide cathode material LiNiCoMnO (NCM) has emerged as a promising candidate for next-generation lithium-ion batteries (LIBs). These cathode materials possess high theoretical specific capacity, fast electron/ion transfer rate, and high output voltage. However, their potential is impeded by interface instability, irreversible phase transition, and the resultant significant capacity loss, limiting their practical application in LIBs.

Direct and specific detection of methyl-paraoxon using a highly sensitive fluorescence strategy combined with phosphatase-like nanozyme and molecularly imprinted polymer.

Methyl paraoxon (MP) is a highly toxic, efficient and broad-spectrum organophosphorus pesticide, which poses significant risks to ecological environment and human health. Many detection methods for MP are based on the enzyme catalytic or inhibition effect. But natural biological enzymes are relatively expensive and easy to be inactivated with a short service life.

Evaluation of Drug-Drug Interaction Between Henagliflozin and Hydrochlorothiazide in Healthy Chinese Volunteers.

Purpose: Henagliflozin is an original, selective sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitor. Hydrochlorothiazide (HCTZ) is a common anti-hypertensive drug. This study aimed to evaluate the potential interaction between henagliflozin and HCTZ.

Vitamin D supplementation for prevention of acute respiratory infections in older adults: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background: Acute respiratory infections (ARIs) have a substantial impact on morbidity, healthcare utilization, and functional decline among older adults. Therefore, we systematically reviewed evidence from randomized controlled trials (RCTs) to evaluate the efficacy and safety of vitamin D supplementation in preventing ARIs in older adults.

Methods: PubMed, Embase, the Cochrane Library, and ClinicalTrials.

Seroprevalence of the novel swine acute diarrhea syndrome coronavirus in China assessed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.

The endemic outbreak of SADS-CoV has resulted in economic losses and potentially threatened the safety of China's pig industry. The molecular epidemiology of SADS-CoV in pig herds has been investigated in many provinces in China. However, there are no data over a long-time span, and there is a lack of extensive serological surveys to assess the prevalence of SADS-CoV in Chinese swine herds since the discovery of SADS-CoV.

Selective Arylation of RNA 2'-OH Groups via SAr Reaction with Trialkylammonium Heterocycles.

Small-molecule reactions at the 2'-OH groups of RNA enable useful applications for transcriptome technology and biology. To date, all reactions have involved carbonyl acylation and mechanistically related sulfonylation, limiting the types of modifications and properties that can be achieved. Here we report that electron-deficient heteroaryl species selectively react with 2'-OH groups of RNA in water via SAr chemistry.

Enhanced surfactant remediation of diesel-contaminated soil using O nanobubbles.

Currently, nanobubbles are widely discussed in environmental research due to their unique properties, including significant specific surface area, transfer efficiency, and free radical generation. In this study, O and O nanobubbles (diameters ranging from 0 to 500 nm) were combined with conventional surfactant technology to investigate their enhanced efficacy in removing diesel contaminants from soil. The impact of various factors such as surfactant concentration, temperature, and soil aging duration on pollutant removal rates was examined across different experimental approaches (stirring/flushing).

The Mediator Subunit OsMED16 Interacts with the WRKY Transcription Factor OsWRKY45 to Enhance Rice Resistance Against Magnaporthe oryzae.

Rice blast, caused by Magnaporthe oryzae (M. oryzae), is one of the most common and damaging diseases of rice that limits rice yield and quality. The mediator complex plays a vital role in promoting transcription by bridging specific transcription factors and RNA polymerase II.