Time-Course Transcriptome Profiling Reveals Differential Resistance Responses of Tomato to a Phytotoxic Effector of the Pathogenic Oomycete .

Blight caused by pathogens has a devastating impact on crop production. species secrete an array of effectors, such as - (PcF)/small cysteine-rich (SCR) phytotoxic proteins, to facilitate their infections. Understanding host responses to such proteins is essential to developing next-generation crop resistance.

Influence of affinity tags and tobacco PR1a signal peptide on detection, purification and bioactivity analyses of the small oomycete apoplastic effectors.

Objective: To examine the influence of widely used protein affinity tags and the tobacco PR1a signal peptide (SP) on detection, purification and bioactivity analyses of the small oomycete apoplastic effector SCR96 in planta.

Results: Through agroinfiltration, the phytotoxic effector SCR96 of Phytophthora cactorum was expressed in Nicotiana benthamiana leaf apoplast as a fusion protein carrying single affinity tag (His, HA or FLAG) at either C- or N-terminus. Leaf necrosis caused by different affinity-tagged SCR96 varied among tags and replicates.

Expression of the small cysteine-rich protein SCR96 from Phytophthora cactorum in mammalian cells: phytotoxicity and exploitation of its polyclonal antibody.

Objective: We aimed to investigate the expression of a novel small cysteine-rich (SCR) effector protein SCR96 from the phytopathogenic oomycete Phytophthora cactorum in mammalian cells, its bioactivity and to exploit its polyclonal antibody.

Results: The gene encoding the SCR effector protein SCR96 was codon-optimized, custom-synthesized, cloned into pcDNA3.1(-) and overexpressed in human embryonic kidney (HEK) 293-6E cells.

The RXLR Effector PcAvh1 Is Required for Full Virulence of .

Plant pathogens employ diverse secreted effector proteins to manipulate host physiology and defense in order to foster diseases. The destructive pathogens encode hundreds of cytoplasmic effectors, which are believed to function inside the plant cells. Many of these cytoplasmic effectors contain the conserved N-terminal RXLR motif.

Identification and functional analysis of the NLP-encoding genes from the phytopathogenic oomycete Phytophthora capsici.

Phytophthora capsici is a hemibiotrophic, phytopathogenic oomycete that infects a wide range of crops, resulting in significant economic losses worldwide. By means of a diverse arsenal of secreted effector proteins, hemibiotrophic pathogens may manipulate plant cell death to establish a successful infection and colonization. In this study, we described the analysis of the gene family encoding necrosis- and ethylene-inducing peptide 1 (Nep1)-like proteins (NLPs) in P.

Transcription profiling and identification of infection-related genes in Phytophthora cactorum.

Phytophthora cactorum, an oomycete pathogen, infects more than 200 plant species within several plant families. To gain insight into the repertoire of the infection-related genes of P. cactorum, Illumina RNA-Seq was used to perform a global transcriptome analysis of three life cycle stages of the pathogen, mycelia (MY), zoospores (ZO) and germinating cysts with germ tubes (GC).