An endoplasmic reticulum and lipid droplets dual-localized strategy to develop small molecular photosensitizers that induce ferroptosis during photodynamic therapy.

Organelle-localized photosensitizers have been well-developed to enhance the photodynamic therapy (PDT) efficacy through triggering given cell death. The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and lipid droplets (LDs) are two key organelles mutually regulating ferroptosis. Thus, in this study, small molecular photosensitizer CAR PSs were developed through fragment integration strategy and the heavy-atom modification.

Sparse loudspeaker array design for wideband frequency-invariant beamforming with multiple targets.

Beamforming technology using loudspeaker arrays is widely used in sound applications, but current sparse array design methods focus on optimizing a single beam for a single target direction, limiting their applicability to multi-channel sound systems. This paper presents a design method for sparse loudspeaker line arrays to generate wideband frequency-invariant beams in multiple target directions. A model based on tapped delay lines is developed and a two-stage design approach is proposed.

Elevated BACE1 and IFNγ+ T Cells in Patients with Cognitive Impairment and the 5xFAD Mouse Model.

The dysregulation of T cell differentiation was associated with cognitive impairment. Recently, the peripheric β-secretase (BACE1) has been suggested as a regulator of T cell differentiation, which was increased in both cognitive impairment (CI) and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) in CI patients. However, the relationship between T cell dysfunction and CI remains unclear.

Pathological angiogenesis was associated with cerebrovascular lesion and neurodegeneration in Alzheimer's disease.

Introduction: We investigated the specific factors driving abnormal angiogenesis in Alzheimer's disease (AD) and its role in cerebrovascular lesions and neurodegeneration.

Methods: We assessed cerebrovascular pathologies, amyloid-beta (Aβ), and tau pathologies in post mortem human brains and detected 12 angiogenic factors in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) from the China Aging and Neurodegenerative Disease Initiative (CANDI) cohort.

Results: We observed severe blood-brain barrier damage and elevated levels of the vascular marker CD31 in human AD brains, which had a stronger correlation with tau pathology than Aβ pathology.

Generative adversarial synthetic neighbors-based unsupervised anomaly detection.

Anomaly detection is crucial for the stable operation of mechanical systems, securing financial transactions, and ensuring network security, among other critical areas. Presently, Generative Adversarial Networks (GANs)-based anomaly detection methods either require labeled data for semi-supervised learning or face challenges with low computational efficiency and poor generalization when dealing with complex distributions. Aim to address these limitations, we introduce a generative adversarial synthetic neighbors-based unsupervised anomaly detection (GASN) method.

Understanding the triacylglycerol-based carbon anabolic differentiation in Cyperus esculentus and Cyperus rotundus developing tubers via transcriptomic and metabolomic approaches.

Background: Yellow nutsedge (Cyperus esculentus, known as 'YouShaDou' in China, YSD) and purple nutsedge (Cyperus rotundus, known as 'XiangFuZi' in China, XFZ), closely related Cyperaceae species, exhibit significant differences in triacylglycerol (TAG) accumulation within their tubers, a key factor in carbon flux repartitioning that highly impact the total lipid, carbohydrate and protein metabolisms. Previous studies have attempted to elucidate the carbon anabolic discrepancies between these two species, however, a lack of comprehensive genome-wide annotation has hindered a detailed understanding of the underlying molecular mechanisms.

Results: This study utilizes transcriptomic analyses, supported by a comprehensive YSD reference genome, and metabolomic profiling to uncover the mechanisms underlying the major carbon perturbations between the developing tubers of YSD and XFZ germplasms harvested in Yunnan province, China, where the plant biodiveristy is renowned worldwide and may contain more genetic variations relative to their counterparts in other places.

Brain derived β-interferon is a potential player in Alzheimer's disease pathogenesis and cognitive impairment.

Background: Recent research has postulated that the activation of cGAS-STING-interferon signalling pathways could be implicated in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease (AD). However, the precise types of interferons and related cytokines, both from the brain and periphery, responsible for cognitive impairment in patients with AD remain unclear.

Methods: A total of 131 participants (78 [59.

Hydrological transport and endosperm weakening mechanisms during dormancy release in Tilia henryana seeds.

Seed germination is a pivotal stage in the plant life cycle, with endosperm weakening and radicle elongation serving as crucial prerequisites for successful endospermic seed germination. Tilia henryana seeds exhibit deep dormancy, necessitating a period of 2-3 years to germinate in a natural environment, and the germination rate is extremely low. This study employed morphological and physiological approaches to dynamically analyzing the hydrological mechanism and the endosperm weakening process during the dormancy release of T.

Synthetic and Pharmacological Activities of Alantolactone and Its Derivatives.

Alantolactone, a sesquiterpene lactone, is isolated from the traditional Chinese medicinal herb Inula helenium L. (Asteraceae). Alantolactone is known as its wide spectrum of biological effects, including antimicrobial, antifungal, antiviral, and anthelmintic activities; anti-inflammatory activities; and antiproliferative effects on several cancer cell lines.

Increased Plasma -Secretase 1 Activity Correlates With Neurodegeneration in Cerebral Small Vessel Disease.

Background: -secretase 1 (BACE1) plays a key role in amyloidogenic pathway and is considered a new mechanism for cerebral small vessel disease (CSVD). We explore the potential role of plasma BACE1 in CSVD and the pathological process it may be involved in.

Methods And Results: We enrolled 163 participants with CSVD (114 cerebral amyloid angiopathy and 49 hypertensive hemorrhage), and 96 cognitively unimpaired elders and 40 participants with Alzheimer's disease as controls.

Rare-earth element doped NiFe-MOFs as efficient and robust bifunctional electrocatalysts for both alkaline freshwater and seawater splitting.

Based on the target of carbon neutrality, it is very important to explore highly active and durable electrocatalysts for both the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) and oxygen evolution reaction (OER). Herein, a series of NiFe-based metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) with the doping of various rare-earth elements (Ce, Y, and La) were grown on nickel foam by a facile solvothermal process. The representative CeNiFe-MOF showed amazing OER performance with ultralow overpotentials of 224 and 277 mV at 500 mA cm in 1.

Prediction of cerebral infarction after bypass surgery in adult moyamoya disease: combing parameters on 4D perfusion CT with clinical related factors.

Objective: This study aimed to identify predictive factors for cerebral infarction after bypass surgery in adult patients with moyamoya disease (MMD) using quantitative parameters in 4D-CT perfusion software.

Methods: A total of 108 patients who underwent combined revascularization, including superficial temporal artery-middle cerebral artery (STA-MCA) anastomosis and encephalo-duro-myo-synangiosis (EDMS), in our hospital between September 2019 and August 2023 were analyzed retrospectively. Preoperative relative cerebral blood flow (rCBF), relative cerebral blood volume (rCBV), relative mean transit time (rMTT), and relative time to maximum residual function (rTmax) perfusion parameters were obtained using 4D-CT perfusion software.

The pathogenic APP N-terminal Val225Ala mutation alters tau protein liquid-liquid phase separation and exacerbates synaptic damage.

Amyloid precursor protein (APP) is predominantly located in synapses of neurons and its mutations have been well recognized as the most important genetic causal factor for the familial Alzheimer's disease (AD). While most disease-causal mutations of APP occur within the Aβ-coding region or immediately proximal, the pathological impacts of mutations in the N-terminus of APP protein, which remote from the Aβ sequence, on neuron and synapse are still largely unknown. It was recently reported a pathogenic APP N-terminal Val225Ala mutation (APP) with clinically featuring progressive dementia and typical AD pathologies in brain.

The Variability of the Cervicothoracic Inflection Point: A Cohort Analysis of the Multi-Ethnic Asymptomatic Normative Study (MEANS).

Study Design: Cross-sectional Cohort Study.

Objective: To determine the cervicothoracic inflection point in an asymptomatic, adult population.

Introduction: The cervicothoracic inflection point (CTIP) is an important sagittal marker to understand for patients with cervical deformities.

Chemoselective Ring-Opening Polymerization of α-Methylene-δ-valerolactone Catalyzed by a Simple Organoaluminum Complex to Prepare Closed-Loop Recyclable Functional Polyester.

α-Methylene-δ-valerolactone (MVL) as a bio-renewable bifunctional monomer has shown great promise to prepare closed-loop recyclable polyester with pendent functionalizable double bond. However, the chemoselective ring-opening polymerization (ROP) of MVL still faces challenges including low polymerization temperature, expensive catalyst as well as high catalyst loading. In this contribution, we present the chemoselective and controlled ROP of MVL using a simple organoaluminum complex [MeAl(BHT)] (BHT=2,6-di-tert-butyl-4-methylphenoxy), which can be easily prepared from commercially available trimethylaluminum and 2,6-di-tert-butyl-4-methylphenol without purification.

Now and future: Strategies for diagnosis, prevention and therapies for Alzheimer's disease.

After a number of failed drug studies on Alzheimer's disease (AD) over the past decade, clinical trials of AD started to show encouraging results and were approved or pending approval for clinical use. However, controversies on the clinically meaningful benefits and risks of brain edema and microhemorrhages have reminded us to think further about monitoring treatment and developing new drug targets. The goal of this review is to find insights from clinical trials that aimed at two key pathological features of AD, i.

Bipolaristeroid A, a 5,6-seco-9,10-seco-steroid with cytotoxic activity from the fungus Bipolaris maydis.

Eleven undescribed steroids, bipolaristeroids A-K, and one known compound, demethylincisterol A, were isolated from the fungus Bipolaris maydis. Bipolaristeroid A is a 5,6-seco-9,10-seco-steroid with a rearranged B ring, in which the A and C rings are connected by an ester bond. Bipolaristeroid B is a rearranged 1(10 → 6)-abeosteroid with an aromatic B ring.

Theoretical modeling and parameter identification of balanced armature loudspeakers.

Theoretical modeling and parameter identification are essential for optimizing loudspeaker performance and enabling active control. Although relevant theories for moving-coil loudspeakers are well-developed, accurate theoretical modeling and parameter identification methods for balanced armature loudspeakers (BALs) are scant. This study proposes a model using the equivalent circuit method (ECM) for BALs, with consideration of the armature-suspension coupling as well as the non-piston vibration of the diaphragm.

Bifunctional and recyclable polyesters by chemoselective ring-opening polymerization of a δ-lactone derived from CO and butadiene.

When aiming at the direct use of CO for the preparation of advanced/value-added materials, the synthesis of CO/olefin copolymers is very appealing but challenging. The δ-lactone 3-ethylidene-6-vinyltetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-one (EVP), synthesized by telomerization of CO with 1,3-butadiene, is a promising monomer. However, its chemoselective ring-opening polymerization (ROP) is hampered by unfavorable thermodynamics and the competitive polymerization of highly reactive C=C double bonds under usual conditions.

Maydisens, Sesterterpenoids with Anti-MDR Activity from .

Fourteen previously undescribed sesterterpenoids (-) were isolated from . Their structures with absolute configurations were elucidated by NMR, HRESIMS, DP4+ calculations, ECD calculations, single-crystal X-ray diffraction analyses, and the modified Mosher's method. Compounds - possess an uncommon 5/11 bicyclic ring system identified from for the first time.

Hyper-Interferon Sensitive Influenza Induces Adaptive Immune Responses and Overcomes Resistance to Anti-PD-1 in Murine Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer.

Despite recent advances in immunotherapy with immune checkpoint inhibitors, many patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) fail to respond or develop resistance after an initial response. In situ vaccination (ISV) with engineered viruses has emerged as a promising antigen-agnostic strategy that can both condition the tumor microenvironment and augment antitumor T-cell responses to overcome immune resistance. We engineered a live attenuated viral vaccine, hyper-IFN-sensitive (HIS) virus, by conducting a genome-wide functional screening and introducing eight IFN-sensitive mutations in the influenza genome to enhance host IFN response.