[Role of goat in transmission of schistosomiasis japonica III Effect of temperature and humidity on survival of eggs in goat feces and egg survival in natural environments].

Objective: To investigate the survival of Schistosoma japonicum eggs in goat feces in natural marshlands and the factors affecting its survival, so as to provide evidences for understanding of the role of eggs in goat feces in the transmission of schistosomiasis and the development of the interventions pertaining to disease control and elimination.

Methods: The goat animals of schistosomiasis japonica were modeled in laboratory, and the feces of infected goat were collected. In laboratory, the effects of environmental temperature and water content in goat feces on egg hatching were evaluated, and in the field, the effect of duration of goat feces on marshland on egg hatching and the effect of direct sunshine on egg survival were evaluated.

[Role of goat in transmission of schistosomiasis japonica III Development of goat feces collector and optimization of fecal hatching technique].

Objective: To develop a simple, feasible goat feces collector to improve the collection accuracy and integrity of goat fecal samples without pollution, and to modify the miracidium hatching test with a plastic tube to achieve simple, standard and comparative procedures, so as to provide technical support for pathogenic diagnosis and scientific research of goat schistosomiasis japonica.

Methods: According to the body features of goat in marshland regions, a goat fecal collector, which was made of coarse fabric cottons, was devised, which was able to be fixed onto the goat buttocks and avoid urine pollution. Prior to miracidium hatching test, the goat fecal samples were pieced by using a mechanical method instead of the conventional artificial piecing method, and the effect of mechanical piecing treatment on miracidium hatching was evaluated.

[Role of goat in transmission of schistosomiasis japonica III Environmental contamination by goat feces and prediction of environments at high risk of infection].

Objective: To quantitatively estimate the range and area of environmental contamination by the feces of -infected that were freely grazed, so as to provide the theoretical evidence for the scientific assessment of the role of the freely grazed goat in the transmission of schistosomiasis japonica and development of control strategy.

Methods: All the fecal samples excreted by the infected goat at daytime (12 h) were collected by using a self-made goat fecal collector, weighed and counted. The quantity and dispersal of the feces excreted by the freely grazed goat at daytime under a natural condition were investigated, and the walking route and speed of the freely grazed goat at daytime were recorded with a multifunction GPS data logger.

[Surveillance of schistosomiasis in national surveillance sites of Zhenjiang City, 2005-2010].

Objective: To master the changes of schistosomiasis epidemic situation in national surveillance sites of Zhenjiang City, Jiangsu Province.

Methods: According to the scheme of the national schistosomiasis surveillance, the Shicheng Village of Yangzhong County and Sanzhou Village of Dantu District were selected as the national schistosomiasis surveillance sites, and from 2005 to 2010, the schistosomiasis morbidity and Oncomelania hupensis status were surveyed and the results were analyzed statistically.

Results: In 2010, in the Shicheng Village, the reduction rates of mean living snail density, infected snail density, area with infected snails, and positive blood tests in residents were 98.

[Effect evaluation of comprehensive control of schistosomiasis in Dantu District, Zhenjiang City].

Since the project of comprehensive control of schistosomiasis was carried out in Dantu District, Zhenjiang City, Jiangsu Province, the infection rate of residents decreased from 0.083% in 2005 to 0 in 2010. After 2007, the number of acute schistosomiasis patients was 0, and the infection rate of livestock was 0.

The sensitivity of Schistosoma japonicum to praziquantel: a field evaluation in areas with low endemicity of China.

The purpose of the current study was to investigate the susceptibility of Schistosoma japonicum to praziquantel in low endemic foci of China. During the non-transmission period of schistosomiasis, a total of 43 of 1,242 subjects were identified as being infected with the parasite using parasitological stool examinations in two low-endemicity areas of China, with a prevalence rate of 3.46%.

The South-to-North Water Diversion Project: effect of the water diversion pattern on transmission of Oncomelania hupensis, the intermediate host of Schistosoma japonicum in China.

Background: The South-to-North Water Diversion Project (SNWDP) is the largest national water conservancy project in China. However, the Eastern Route Project (ERP) of SNWDP will refer to the habitats of Oncomelania hupensis, the intermediate host of Schistosoma japonicum. The present study was aimed at investigating the effects of some factors relating to the water diversion pattern on the spread north of O.

[Surveillance of schistosomiasis in a national, surveillance site of Dantu District, Zhenjiang City, 2005-2009].

The surveillance of schistosomiasis in Sanzhou Village, a national schistosomiasis surveillance site, in Gaoqiao Town of Dantu District, Zhenjiang City from 2005 to 2009 showed that the schistosomiasis morbidity remained in a low level in the surveillance site; however, the Oncomelania snails and infected snail areas remained high. It is suggested that, in addition to snail control, comprehensive control measures should be strengthened, and the causes of infected snails in marshland should be investigated, so as to clarify the roles of various hosts in transmission of schistosomiasis.

A strategy for emergency treatment of Schistosoma japonicum-infested water.

Background: Schistosomiasis japonica, caused by contact with Schistosoma japonicum cercaria-infested water when washing, bathing or production, remains a major public-health concern in China. The purpose of the present study was to investigate the effect of a suspension concentrate of niclosamide (SCN) on killing cercaria of S. japonicum that float on the water surface, and its toxicity to fish, so as to establish an emergency-treatment intervention for rapidly killing cercaria and eliminating water infectivity.

Is there reduced susceptibility to praziquantel in Schistosoma japonicum? Evidence from China.

Praziquantel is widely used for the treatment of human schistosomiasis. However, in recent years, there has been increasing concern about the resistance of Schistosoma species to praziquantel. The study described here was designed to evaluate the current susceptibility to praziquantel in S.