Targeting ferroptosis regulators in lung cancer: Exploring natural products.

Lung cancer remains a formidable global health challenge, necessitating innovative therapeutic strategies for improved efficacy. This review explores the untapped potential of natural products and Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) in lung cancer therapy, focusing on targeting ferroptosis regulators. Natural compounds, such as curcumin and resveratrol, exhibit diverse anti-cancer mechanisms, complemented by TCM's holistic approach rooted in a 3500-year history.

Dense Pedestrian Detection Based on GR-YOLO.

In large public places such as railway stations and airports, dense pedestrian detection is important for safety and security. Deep learning methods provide relatively effective solutions but still face problems such as feature extraction difficulties, image multi-scale variations, and high leakage detection rates, which bring great challenges to the research in this field. In this paper, we propose an improved dense pedestrian detection algorithm GR-yolo based on Yolov8.

The causality between gut microbiota and ankylosing spondylitis: Insights from a bidirectional two-sample Mendelian randomization analysis.

Background: The association between gut microbiota and ankylosing spondylitis (AS) has been reported in the literature; however, whether the two are correlative is unclear.

Methods: Single nucleotide polymorphisms associated with the gut microbiome composition and AS (968 AS cases and 336 191 controls) were obtained from published genome-wide association studies in this two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) study. The causal relationship between gut microbiota and AS was estimated using the inverse-variance weighted method, and the robustness of our findings was confirmed through a comprehensive series of sensitivity analyses.

Transcriptomics and quantitative proteomics reveal changes after second stimulation of bone marrow-derived macrophages from lupus-prone MRL/lpr mice.

Innate immune memory can cause the occurrence and exacerbation of autoimmune diseases, and it is as well as being strongly associated with the pathogenesis of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), however, the specific mechanism remains to be further studied. We learned that IFN-γ stimulation generated innate immune memory in bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMDMs) and activated memory interferon-stimulated genes (ISGs). This research used IFN-γ and lipopolysaccharide (LPS) to treat BMDMs with lupus-prone MRL/lpr mice and showed that particular memory ISGs were substantially elevated in prestimulated macrophages.

Biomarkers for immune checkpoint therapy targeting programmed death 1 and programmed death ligand 1.

Rapidly increasing usages of immune checkpoint therapy for cancer treatment, particularly monoclonal antibodies that target programmed cell death-1 (PD-1) and its ligand PD-L1, have been achieved due to startling durable therapeutic efficacy with limited toxicity. The therapeutics significantly prolonged the overall survival and progression free survival of patients across multiple cancer types. However, the objective response rate of patients receiving this kind of treatment is substantially low.

The convergence of aversion and reward signals in individual neurons of the mice lateral habenula.

The lateral habenula (LHb) and ventral tegmental area (VTA) are two structures closely connected, and they serve as aversion and reward junction of the brain, respectively. This study investigated whether single neurons in the LHb/VTA respond to both aversion and reward stimuli and how these neurons regulate aversion and reward processing. Using optogenetic combined with multi-channel recording of LHb / VTA neuronal discharge, we found that most single neurons in the LHb/ VTA respond to both aversion and reward stimuli.

Effect of COVID-19 outbreak on the treatment time of patients with acute ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction.

Objective: To explore the effect of COVID-19 outbreak on the treatment time of patients with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) in Hangzhou, China.

Methods: We retrospectively reviewed the data of STEMI patients admitted to the Hangzhou Chest Pain Center (CPC) during a COVID-19 epidemic period in 2020 (24 cases) and the same period in 2019 (29 cases). General characteristics of the patients were recorded, analyzed, and compared.

Upregulation of programmed death ligand 1 by liver kinase B1 and its implication in programmed death 1 blockade therapy in non-small cell lung cancer.

Aims: Liver kinase B1 (LKB1) deficiency is associated with reduced expression of programmed death ligand 1 (PD-L1) and inferior clinical outcomes of PD-1/PD-L1 blockade in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). This study aimed to investigate the mechanism by which LKB1 regulates PD-L1 expression and its role in programmed death 1 (PD-1) blockade therapy in NSCLC.

Main Methods: The impact of LKB1 on PD-L1 was assessed by western blot, qRT-PCR and immunohistochemistry in NSCLC.

Recent Findings in the Regulation of Programmed Death Ligand 1 Expression.

With the recent approvals for the application of monoclonal antibodies that target the well-characterized immune checkpoints, immune therapy shows great potential against both solid and hematologic tumors. The use of these therapeutic monoclonal antibodies elicits inspiring clinical results with durable objective responses and improvements in overall survival. Agents targeting programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1; also known as PDCD1) and its ligand (PD-L1) achieve a great success in immune checkpoints therapy.

Role of DNA hypomethylation in lateral habenular nucleus in the development of depressive-like behavior in rats.

Background: Lateral habenula nucleus (LHb) has recently been noted for its role in stress-induced depressive disorder. Yet little is known about the mechanisms by which external stimuli or depression induces pathological alteration in the LHb.

Methods: Chronic unpredictable mild stress (CUMS) was employed to model depressive-like behaviors in adult rats.

HNF6 promotes tumor growth in colorectal cancer and enhances liver metastasis in mouse model.

Hepatocyte nuclear factor 6 (HNF6), as a transcription factor, has been reported to be involved in cell proliferation, carcinogenesis, and tumor metastasis. Here, we demonstrated the role of HNF6 in tumor growth and liver metastasis in colorectal cancer (CRC). Through bioinformatics and clinical samples analysis, we found HNF6 messenger RNA was upregulated both in CRC primary sites and liver metastases, and its high expression indicated poor survival in CRC patients.

PARP-1 inhibitors sensitize HNSCC cells to APR-246 by inactivation of thioredoxin reductase 1 (TrxR1) and promotion of ROS accumulation.

Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) is the sixth most common cancer worldwide. Mutations of TP53 may reach 70% - 85% in HNSCC patients without human papillomavirus (HPV) infection. Recurrence rate remains particularly high for HNSCC patients with mutations in the TP53 gene although patients are responsive to surgery, irradiation, and chemotherapy early in the treatment.

Piperlongumine and p53-reactivator APR-246 selectively induce cell death in HNSCC by targeting GSTP1.

TP53 mutations frequently occur in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) patients without human papillomavirus infection. The recurrence rate for these patients is distinctly high. It has been actively explored to identify agents that target TP53 mutations and restore wild-type (WT) TP53 activities in HNSCC.

CLDN6 promotes chemoresistance through GSTP1 in human breast cancer.

Background: Claudin-6 (CLDN6), a member of CLDN family and a key component of tight junction, has been reported to function as a tumor suppressor in breast cancer. However, whether CLDN6 plays any role in breast cancer chemoresistance remains unclear. In this study, we investigated the role of CLDN6 in the acquisition of chemoresistance in breast cancer cells.

BEX2 promotes tumor proliferation in colorectal cancer.

BEX2 has been suggested to promote the tumor growth in breast cancer and glioblastoma, while inhibit the proliferation of glioma cells. Thus, the role of BEX2 in tumor was still in debate. Additionally, the biological functions of BEX2 in colorectal cancer (CRC) have not yet been clarified.

LKB1 is a DNA damage response protein that regulates cellular sensitivity to PARP inhibitors.

Liver kinase B1 (LKB1) functions as a tumor suppressor encoded by STK11, a gene that mutated in Peutz-Jeghers syndrome and in sporadic cancers. Previous studies showed that LKB1 participates in IR- and ROS-induced DNA damage response (DDR). However, the impact of LKB1 mutations on targeted cancer therapy remains unknown.

Water-soluble ginseng oligosaccharides protect against scopolamine-induced cognitive impairment by functioning as an antineuroinflammatory agent.

Background: Panax ginseng root is used in traditional oriental medicine for human health. Its main active components such as saponins and polysaccharides have been widely evaluated for treating diseases, but secondary active components such as oligosaccharides have been rarely studied. This study aimed to assess the impact of water-soluble ginseng oligosaccharides (WGOS), which were isolated from the warm-water extract of Panax ginseng root, on scopolamine-induced cognitive impairment in mice and its antineuroinflammatory mechanisms.

Why depression and pain often coexist and mutually reinforce: Role of the lateral habenula.

The interrelation of depression and pain is increasingly coming under scrutiny. Although the lateral habenula (LHb) is widely implicated in the pathogenesis of depression and pain, its role in the interaction of depression and pain remains unknown. Thus, the aim of current study was to investigate the role of LHb in rat depression-pain comorbidity.

Association between MutL homolog 1 polymorphisms and the risk of colorectal cancer: a meta-analysis.

Purpose: As one of the most essential components of mismatch repair system, MutL homolog 1 (MLH1) plays an increasingly implicated role in initiation and promotion of colorectal carcinogenesis, with germ-line mutations in different loci. However, whether a single genetic variant in MLH1 could predict the risk of cancer was still under doubt and recent studies yielded inconsistent results. Therefore, this meta-analysis aimed at investigating the association between MLH1 single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and colorectal cancer (CRC) risks.

[Association between the quality of sleep and the occurrence of diabetes among people with impaired glucose regulation].

Objective: To understand the association between people under impaired glucose regulation (IGR) with poor quality of sleep and the occurrence of diabetes.

Methods: Based on a cohort of 1136 persons with IGR, the present study would include information on the duration of sleep and severity of insomnia. The cohort was followed for two years and the outcomes of impaired glucose regulation were summarized.