Body composition analysis using CT at three aspects of the lumbar third vertebra and its impact on the diagnosis of sarcopenia.

Purpose: The European Working Group on Sarcopenia in Older People (EWGSOP) revised the consensus in 2018, including that using computed tomography (CT) imaging of the lumbar third vertebra (L3) for the evaluation of muscle mass. However, there is currently discrepancy and confusion in the application of specific cross-sectional and cutoff values for L3. This study aimed to standardize the diagnosis of low muscle mass using L3-CT.

Human cytomegalovirus tegument protein UL23 promotes gastric cancer immune evasion by facilitating PD-L1 transcription.

Immune checkpoint therapy targeting PD-1/PD-L1 has shown promise in treating tumors, however, its clinical benefits are limited to a subset of gastric cancer (GC) patients. Recent research has highlighted a the correlation between PD-L1 expression and the clinical efficacy of anti-PD-1/PD-L1 therapies. Human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) has been implicated in GC, but its specific role in modulating this disease remains elusive.

Recent advances of anti-tumor nano-strategies via overturning pH gradient: alkalization and acidification.

The acidic tumor microenvironment, a hallmark of many solid tumors, is primarily induced by the high glycolytic rate of tumor cells. To avoid acidosis, tumor cells ingeniously maintain an acidic extracellular pH while keeping a relatively alkaline intracellular pH. Overturning the unique pH gradient of tumor cells has exhibited to be a viable approach for cancer therapy.

Evaluating the weight-adjusted waist index as a predictive tool for sarcopenia and mortality risk.

Purpose: The weight-adjusted waist index (WWI) is a novel anthropometric measure. WWI is linked to reduced muscle mass and strength; however, its efficacy for assessing sarcopenia and predicting adverse outcomes has yet to be validated. This study compared and examined the relationship between sarcopenia and WWI across different diagnostic criteria and aimed to evaluate its potential as a predictor of sarcopenia and all-cause mortality.

Systematic Exploration of the Association Between Vitamin A Intakes and Sarcopenia Prevalence in American Adults.

Sarcopenia, characterized by an age-related progressive loss of muscle mass and strength, presents significant health concerns. Recommending dietary nutrition emerges as a viable strategy to counteract muscle deterioration. Vitamin A, indispensable throughout the human life cycle and unattainable through endogenous synthesis, necessitates intake via diet.

Relationships between emotional state, sleep disturbance and health-related quality of life in patients with axial spondyloarthritis.

Background: Axial spondyloarthritis (ax-SpA) is an autoinflammatory disease affecting multiple organs. While emphasizing the treatment of chronic diseases, it has been found that the prevalence of mental disorders and insomnia in patients is also increasing. We investigated mood status, sleep quality and the health-related quality of life (HRQoL) in these patients.

PEGylated Elesclomol@Cu(Ⅱ)-based Metal‒organic framework with effective nanozyme performance and cuproptosis induction efficacy for enhanced PD-L1-based immunotherapy.

Nanozymes constitute a promising treatment strategy for antitumor therapy. However, the catalytic function of metal‒organic framework (MOF)-based nanozymes during cuproptosis remains unclear. In this study, a Cu(Ⅱ)-based MOF nanocomposite loaded with the copper ionophore elesclomol and surface modified with polyethylene glycol polymer (PEG) was developed (ES@Cu(Ⅱ)-MOF) for effective cuproptosis induction.

Stair climbing outperforms gait speed in predicting postoperative outcomes in patients undergoing radical gastrectomy for gastric cancer: A prospective study.

Background: Stair climbing test (SCT) and gait speed test (GST) are two physical performance measures, both of which are associated with postoperative outcomes. However, few studies have compared these two tests for the prognostic value.

Methods: A prospective study was conducted in patients undergoing radical gastrectomy for gastric cancer.

Perioperative body composition changes and their clinical implications in patients with gastric cancer undergoing radical gastric cancer surgery: a prospective cohort study.

Background: This study aimed to investigate perioperative body composition changes and their clinical implications in patients undergoing radical gastric cancer surgery.

Methods: Patient data are prospectively collected. Computed tomography scans were conducted within 30 days preoperatively and on the seventh postoperative day to assess skeletal muscle mass index (SMI), skeletal muscle density (SMD), and subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT).

Hexokinase 2 senses fructose in tumor-associated macrophages to promote colorectal cancer growth.

Fructose is associated with colorectal cancer tumorigenesis and metastasis through ketohexokinase-mediated metabolism in the colorectal epithelium, yet its role in the tumor immune microenvironment remains largely unknown. Here, we show that a modest amount of fructose, without affecting obesity and associated complications, promotes colorectal cancer tumorigenesis and growth by suppressing the polarization of M1-like macrophages. Fructose inhibits M1-like macrophage polarization independently of fructose-mediated metabolism.

Resting natural killer cells promote the progress of colon cancer liver metastasis by elevating tumor-derived stem cell factor.

The abundance and biological contribution of natural killer (NK) cells in cancer are controversial. Here, we aim to uncover clinical relevance and cellular roles of NK cells in colon cancer liver metastasis (CCLM). Here, we integrated single-cell RNA-sequencing, spatial transcriptomics (ST), and bulk RNA-sequencing datasets to investigate NK cells' biological properties and functions in the microenvironment of primary and liver metastatic tumors.

Anoikis-related genes linked with patient outcome in pancreatic cancer.

Anoikis is programmed cell death occurring upon cell detachment from the extracellular matrix. Cancer cells need to evade anoikis to be able to metastasize to distant sites. However, the molecular features and prognostic value of anoikis-related genes (ARGs) in pancreatic cancer remain unclear.

Utilizing machine learning to integrate single-cell and bulk RNA sequencing data for constructing and validating a novel cell adhesion molecules related prognostic model in gastric cancer.

Background: Cell adhesion molecules (CAMs) play a vital role in cell-cell interactions, immune response modulation, and tumor cell migration. However, the unique role of CAMs in gastric cancer (GC) remains largely unexplored.

Methods: This study characterized the genetic alterations and mRNA expression of CAMs.

Development and validation of a machine learning-based F-fluorodeoxyglucose PET/CT radiomics signature for predicting gastric cancer survival.

Background: Survival prognosis of patients with gastric cancer (GC) often influences physicians' choice of their follow-up treatment. This study aimed to develop a positron emission tomography (PET)-based radiomics model combined with clinical tumor-node-metastasis (TNM) staging to predict overall survival (OS) in patients with GC.

Methods: We reviewed the clinical information of a total of 327 patients with pathological confirmation of GC undergoing 18 F-fluorodeoxyglucose (18 F-FDG) PET scans.

RNA epigenetic modifications in digestive tract cancers: Friends or foes.

Digestive tract cancers are among the most common malignancies worldwide and have high incidence and mortality rates. Thus, the discovery of more effective diagnostic and therapeutic targets is urgently required. The development of technologies to accurately detect RNA modification has led to the identification of numerous RNA chemical modifications in humans (epitranscriptomics) that are involved in the occurrence and development of digestive tract cancers.

Regional differences in lead (Pb) and tetracycline (TC) binding behavior of sediment dissolved organic matter (SDOM): Effects of DOM heterogeneity and microbial degradation.

Lake Nansi, primarily dominated by macrophytes, faces threats from heavy metals and antibiotics due to human activity. This study investigated sediment dissolved organic matter (SDOM) characteristics and complexation of lead (Pb) and tetracycline (TC) in barren zone (BZ) and submerged macrophytes zone (PZ). Additionally, a microbial degradation experiment was conducted to examine its impact on the regional variations in complexation.

Enzyme-Instructed Photoactivatable Supramolecular Antigens on Cancer Cell Membranes for Precision-Controlled T-Cell-Based Cancer Immunotherapy.

Cancer immunotherapies based on cytotoxic CD8 T lymphocytes (CTLs) are highly promising for cancer treatment. The specific interaction between T-cell receptors and peptide-MHC-I complexes (pMHC-I) on cancer cell membranes critically determines their therapeutic outcomes. However, the lack of appropriate endogenous antigens for MHC-I presentation disables tumor recognition by CTLs.

Proteome-based molecular subtyping and therapeutic target prediction in gastric cancer.

Different molecular classifications for gastric cancer (GC) have been proposed based on multi-omics platforms with the long-term goal of improved precision treatment. However, the GC (phospho)proteome remains incompletely characterized, particularly at the level of tyrosine phosphorylation. In addition, previous multiomics-based stratification of patient cohorts has lacked identification of corresponding cell line models and comprehensive validation of broad or subgroup-selective therapeutic targets.