Liquid-infused nanostructured composite as a high-performance thermal interface material for effective cooling.

Effective heat dissipation remains a grand challenge for energy-dense devices and systems. As heterogeneous integration becomes increasingly inevitable in electronics, thermal resistance at interfaces has emerged as a critical bottleneck for thermal management. However, existing thermal interface solutions are constrained by either high thermal resistance or poor reliability.

Electrosynthesis of Organonitrogen Compounds via Hydroxylamine-Mediated Cascade Reactions.

Hydroxylamine (NHOH) is a key intermediate in the formation of numerous high value-added organonitrogen compounds. The traditional synthesis of NHOH requires the use of precious metals under high temperature conditions, which leads to high cost, high energy consumption, and environmental pollution. The NHOH-mediated cascade reaction integrates the electrochemical synthesis of NHOH and the chemical synthesis of organonitrogen compounds, offering a facile, green, and efficient alternative.

Heteroatom-Based Ligand Engineering of Metal Organic Frameworks for Efficient and Robust Electrochemical Water Oxidation.

Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) are promising catalysts for the electrochemical oxygen evolution reaction (OER) due to their high surface area, tunable pore structures, and abundant active sites. Ligand engineering is an important strategy to optimize their performance. Here, we report the synthesis of NiFe-MOFs based on three different ligands: 1,4-terephthalic acid (BDC), 2,4-thiophene dicarboxylic acid (TDC), and 2,5-furandicarboxylic acid (FDC), to investigate the effects of heteroatom-based aromatic rings on OER performance.

ASAP1 promotes extrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma progression by regulating the Wnt/β-catenin pathway in vitro and in vivo.

This study sought to identify the relationship between ADP-ribosylation factor GTPase-activating protein (ASAP1) expression and clinical outcomes in extrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (EHCC) patients. Quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR), Western blotting, and immunohistochemistry were used to analyze the expression of ASAP1 in cholangiocarcinoma (CC) tissue samples and cell lines. The survival rate and clinicopathological characteristics of CC patients were also examined.

Paramagnetic salt and agarose recipes for phantoms with desired T1 and T2 values for low-field MRI.

Tissue-mimicking reference phantoms are indispensable for the development and optimization of magnetic resonance (MR) measurement sequences. Phantoms have greatest utility when they mimic the MR signals arising from tissue physiology; however, many of the properties underlying these signals, including tissue relaxation characteristics, can vary as a function of magnetic field strength. There has been renewed interest in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) at field strengths less than 1 T, and phantoms developed for higher field strengths may not be physiologically relevant at these lower fields.

Arbitrary stylized light-field generation for three-dimensional light-field displays based on radiance fields.

Three-dimensional (3D) light-field display technology can reconstruct the spatial characteristics of 3D scenes and provide users with an immersive visual experience without the need for any additional external devices. Here, an arbitrary stylized light-field generation method for 3D light-field displays is presented, and the tripartite constraints are addressed by conducting style transformation in a refined feature space. A multi-dimensional feature refinement module is designed to learn which aspects and regions should be prioritized within the high-level feature grid of the scene, which allows content and style patterns to be better matched and blended.

Morphological and molecular control of chemical vapor deposition (CVD) polymerized polythiophene thin films.

Oxidative chemical vapor deposition (oCVD) has emerged as one of the most promising techniques for conjugated polymer deposition, especially for unsubstituted polythiophene thin films. oCVD overcomes the insolubility challenge that unsubstituted polythiophene (PT) presents and adds the ability to control morphological and molecular structure. This control is important for enhancing the performance of devices which incorporate organic conductors.

One-Selector-One-Resistor Integrated Memory Cells Based on Two-Dimensional Heterojunction Memory Selectors.

Selectors are critical components for reducing the sneak path leakage currents in emerging resistive random-access memory (RRAM) arrays. Two-dimensional (2D) materials provide a rich choice of materials with van der Waals stacking to form the heterostructure selectors with controllable energy barriers. Here, we experimentally demonstrate 2D-material-based heterostructure selectors with exponential current-voltage (-) relationships and integrate them with hafnium oxide (HfO)-based RRAMs, forming one-selector-one-resistor (1S1R) cells.

Enhancing organ and vascular contrast in preclinical ultra-low field MRI using superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles.

Superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPIONs) are characterized by their exceptional susceptibility and relaxivity at ultra-low field (ULF) regimes, make them a promising contrast agent (CA) for ULF MRI. Despite their distinct advantages, the translation of these properties into clinically valuable image contrast in ULF MRI remains underexplored. In this study, we investigate the use of SPIONs to generate in vivo MRI contrast at 6.

One-Step Reverse Transcriptase qPCR Method for Serum Hepatitis B Virus RNA Quantification.

In recent years, serum hepatitis B virus (HBV) RNA has been identified as a promising noninvasive surrogate biomarker of intrahepatic covalently closed circular DNA (cccDNA), detection of which requires an invasive liver biopsy in patients with chronic HBV infection. It is impractical to detect intrahepatic cccDNA as a routine diagnosis for chronic hepatitis B (CHB) patients in clinical management. Here, we describe a detailed protocol for serum HBV RNA quantification, which can reflect the activity of intrahepatic cccDNA.

Associations between diffusion kurtosis imaging metrics and neurodevelopmental outcomes in neonates with low-grade germinal matrix and intraventricular hemorrhage.

Diffusion Kurtosis Imaging (DKI)-derived metrics are recognized as indicators of maturation in neonates with low-grade germinal matrix and intraventricular hemorrhage (GMH-IVH). However, it is not yet known if these factors are associated with neurodevelopmental outcomes. The objective of this study was to acquire DKI-derived metrics in neonates with low-grade GMH-IVH, and to demonstrate their association with later neurodevelopmental outcomes.

Tripartite Motif-Containing Protein 65 (TRIM65) Inhibits Hepatitis B Virus Transcription.

Tripartite motif (TRIM) proteins, comprising a family of over 100 members with conserved motifs, exhibit diverse biological functions. Several TRIM proteins influence viral infections through direct antiviral mechanisms or by regulating host antiviral innate immune responses. To identify TRIM proteins modulating hepatitis B virus (HBV) replication, we assessed 45 human TRIMs in HBV-transfected HepG2 cells.

Fasting-induced RNF152 resensitizes gallbladder cancer cells to gemcitabine by inhibiting mTORC1-mediated glycolysis.

Abnormal mTORC1 activation by the lysosomal Ragulator complex has been implicated in cancer and glycolytic metabolism associated with drug resistance. Fasting upregulates RNF152 and mediates the metabolic status of cells. We report that RNF152 regulates mTORC1 signaling by targeting a Ragulator subunit, p18, and attenuates gemcitabine resistance in gallbladder cancer (GBC).

Biomimicking covalent organic frameworks nanocomposite coating for integrated enhanced anticorrosion and antifouling properties of a biodegradable magnesium stent.

The utilization of biodegradable magnesium (Mg) alloys in the fabrication of temporary non-vascular stents is an innovative trend in biomedical engineering. However, the heterogeneous degradation profiles of these biomaterials, together with potential bacterial colonization that could precipitate infectious or stenotic complications, are critical obstacles precluding their widespread clinical application. In pursuit of overcoming these limitations, this study applies the principles of biomimicry, particularly the hydrophobic and anti-fouling characteristics of lotus leaves, to pioneer the creation of nanocomposite coatings.

Geometric design of antireflective leafhopper brochosomes.

In nature, leafhoppers cover their body surfaces with brochosomes as a protective coating. These leafhopper-produced brochosomes are hollow, buckyball-shaped, nanoscopic spheroids with through-holes distributed across their surfaces, representing a class of deployable optical materials that are rare in nature. Despite their discovery in the 1950s, it remains unknown why the sizes of brochosomes and their through-holes consistently fall within the range of hundreds of nanometers across different leafhopper species.

Brochosome-inspired binary metastructures for pixel-by-pixel thermal signature control.

Microscale thermal signature control using incoherent heat sources remains challenging, despite recent advancements in plasmonic materials and phase-change materials. Inspired by leafhopper-generated brochosomes, we design binary metastructures functioning as pixel twins to achieve pixelated thermal signature control at the microscale. In the infrared range, the pixel twins exhibit distinct emissivities, creating thermal counterparts of "0-1" binary states for storing and displaying information.

Serum hepatitis B virus spliced RNA proportion increases with liver disease progression in patients with chronic hepatitis B.

Serum hepatitis B virus (HBV) spliced RNAs (spRNAs) are ubiquitous in HBV-infected patients; however, their clinical significance remains unknown. Therefore, we aimed to explore the relationship between HBV spRNAs and liver disease progression in chronic hepatitis B (CHB) patients; in vitro cell line assessment was also performed. The serum HBV wild-type RNA (wtRNA) and spRNA levels were individually quantified in a cohort of 279 treatment-naïve, hepatitis B e antigen positive CHB patients with or without cirrhosis.

Observation of Near-Field Thermal Radiation between Coplanar Nanodevices with Subwavelength Dimensions.

With the continuous advancement of nanotechnology, nanodevices have become crucial components in computing, sensing, and energy conversion applications. The structures of nanodevices typically possess subwavelength dimensions and separations, which pose significant challenges for understanding energy transport phenomena in nanodevices. Here, on the basis of a judiciously designed thermal photonic nanodevice, we report the first measurement of near-field energy transport between two coplanar subwavelength structures over temperature bias up to ∼190 K.

Research on the Current Application Status of Magnesium Metal Stents in Human Luminal Cavities.

The human body comprises various tubular structures that have essential functions in different bodily systems. These structures are responsible for transporting food, liquids, waste, and other substances throughout the body. However, factors such as inflammation, tumors, stones, infections, or the accumulation of substances can lead to the narrowing or blockage of these tubular structures, which can impair the normal function of the corresponding organs or tissues.

Portrait stylized rendering for 3D light-field display based on radiation field and example guide.

With the development of three-dimensional (3D) light-field display technology, 3D scenes with correct location information and depth information can be perceived without wearing any external device. Only 2D stylized portrait images can be generated with traditional portrait stylization methods and it is difficult to produce high-quality stylized portrait content for 3D light-field displays. 3D light-field displays require the generation of content with accurate depth and spatial information, which is not achievable with 2D images alone.