Broadening horizons: molecular mechanisms and disease implications of endothelial-to-mesenchymal transition.

Endothelial-mesenchymal transition (EndMT) is defined as an important process of cellular differentiation by which endothelial cells (ECs) are prone to lose their characteristics and transform into mesenchymal cells. During EndMT, reduced expression of endothelial adhesion molecules disrupts intercellular adhesion, triggering cytoskeletal reorganization and mesenchymal transition. Numerous studies have proved that EndMT is a multifaceted biological event driven primarily by cytokines such as TGF-β, TNF-α, and IL-1β, alongside signaling pathways like WNT, Smad, MEK-ERK, and Notch.

Regulation of macrophage polarization by metformin through inhibition of TLR4/NF-κB pathway to improve pre-eclampsia.

Introduction: Pre-eclampsia (PE) is a pregnancy complication featuring hypertension and proteinuria. Metformin exerts clinically preventive effects on PE with an unspecified mechanism.

Methods: Placental tissues from PE patients and normal pregnant (NP) women were collected.

Automatic medical report generation based on deep learning: A state of the art survey.

With the increasing popularity of medical imaging and its expanding applications, posing significant challenges for radiologists. Radiologists need to spend substantial time and effort to review images and manually writing reports every day. To address these challenges and speed up the process of patient care, researchers have employed deep learning methods to automatically generate medical reports.

Biomarkers.

Background: An intact blood-brain barrier (BBB) is critical for optimal brain health, and even transient or highly localized disruption of the BBB can have devastating consequences for neural functioning. BBB breakdown has been implicated in Alzheimer's Disease (AD) pathogenesis, and elevated BBB permeability has been observed in APOE e4 carriers compared to non-carriers. As prior studies have focused on a priori, AD-vulnerable regions rather than whole-brain analyses, little is understood about broader patterns of BBB breakdown that may relate to AD risk.

Solvent-Dependent C(sp3)-CF3 Reductive Elimination from Neutral Four-Coordinate Cu(III) Complexes.

A solvent dependent C(sp3)-CF3 bond-forming reductive elimination from neutral four-coordinate Cu(III) complexes [(L)Cu(CF3)2(CH2CO2tBu)] (L = pyridine or its derivatives) is described. Reactions in less polar solvent ClCH2CH2Cl proceed via a concerted bond breaking/bond forming process along with the reorientation of the ligand, while reaction in polar solvent DMF occurs via a rate limiting ligand-dissociation, followed by C(sp3)-CF3 reductive elimination from the resulting three-coordinate intermediate. These mechanistic proposals are supported by kinetic studies that included ligand and temperature effects, as well as DFT calculations.

Biomarkers.

Background: Persistent neurological symptoms including cognitive impairment can follow SARS-CoV-2 infection, a condition termed neurological post-acute sequelae of COVID-19 (Neuro-PASC). Structural brain differences have been observed in individuals with Neuro-PASC, raising concern that COVID-19 may promote age-related neurodegeneration. However, the mechanisms by which COVID-19 impairs cognition and its impact on brain aging, remain poorly characterized.

[NMDA receptors in prelimbic cortex neurons projecting to paraventricular nucleus of the thalamus are associated with morphine withdrawal memory retrieval].

At present, the problem of drug addiction treatment mainly lies in the high relapse rate of drug addicts. Addictive drugs will bring users a strong sense of euphoria and promote drug seeking. Once the drug is withdrawn, there will be withdrawal symptoms such as strong negative emotions and uncomfortable physical reactions.

circ_0075048 silencing regulates LCP1 to improve IL-1β-induced chondrocyte injury by binding with miR-663b.

Background: Osteoarthritis (OA) is a common type of degenerative arthropathy. Previous studies have demonstrated that circular RNAs (circRNAs) are involved in the progression of OA. This study aimed to investigate the role and associated mechanism of circ_0075048 in OA.

Prediction of MASLD using different screening indexes in Chinese type 2 diabetes mellitus.

Background: Formerly known as non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) has now become the most widespread chronic liver disease worldwide. The primary goal of this study is to assess the ability of different indexes (including VAI, TyG, HOMA-IR, BMI, LAP, WHtR, TyG-BMI, TyG-WC, and TyG-WHtR) to predict MASLD in individuals diagnosed with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), particularly within the Chinese population.

Methods: This cross-sectional study involved 1,742 patients with T2DM, recruited from the Metabolic Management Centers (MMC) at Suzhou Municipal Hospital.

Advances in cellulose-based self-powered ammonia sensors.

Ammonia sensors are widely used across applications in food monitoring, environmental surveillance, and medical research, where high safety standards are essential. Cellulose-based materials are particularly well-suited to meet these stringent requirements, with significant potential for innovation due to their biodegradability and biocompatibility. Of the various cellulose-based ammonia sensors available, self-powered sensors, especially those based on triboelectric nanogenerators (TENGs), stand out for their unique advantages, including the absence of an external power supply, environmental sustainability, and ease of integration.

Effect of Prior Bariatric Surgery on the Outcomes of Joint Arthroplasty: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Objective: Obesity is a risk factor for joint arthroplasty complications. With this systematic review and meta-analysis, we assessed whether a positive history of bariatric surgery influences postoperative outcomes in patients undergoing various types of joint arthroplasty.

Methods: We conducted a comprehensive search database such as Scopus, PubMed, Medline Ovid, CNKI, and CENTRAL for studies comparing outcomes between patients undergoing arthroplasty with and without a history of bariatric surgery.

Cholesterol Metabolism in CNS Diseases: The Potential of SREBP2 and LXR as Therapeutic Targets.

The brain is the organ with the highest cholesterol content in the body. Cholesterol in the brain plays a crucial role in maintaining the integrity of synapses and myelin sheaths to ensure normal brain function. Disruptions in cholesterol metabolism are closely associated with various central nervous system (CNS) diseases, including Alzheimer's disease (AD), Huntington's disease (HD), and multiple sclerosis (MS).

Genome-Wide Identification and Expression Analysis of the G-Protein Gene Family in Barley Under Abiotic Stresses.

Heterotrimeric G-proteins are fundamental signal transducers highly conserved in plant species, which play crucial roles in regulating plant growth, development, and responses to abiotic stresses. Identification of G-protein members and their expression patterns in plants are essential for improving crop resilience against environmental stresses. Here, we identified eight heterotrimeric G-protein genes localized on four chromosomes within the barley genome by using comprehensive genome-wide analysis.

An Enhanced Gas Sensor Data Classification Method Using Principal Component Analysis and Synthetic Minority Over-Sampling Technique Algorithms.

This study addresses the challenge of multi-dimensional and small gas sensor data classification using a gelatin-carbon black (CB-GE) composite film sensor, achieving 91.7% accuracy in differentiating gas types (ethanol, acetone, and air). Key techniques include Principal Component Analysis (PCA) for dimensionality reduction, the Synthetic Minority Over-sampling Technique (SMOTE) for data augmentation, and the Support Vector Machine (SVM) and K-Nearest Neighbor (KNN) algorithms for classification.

The Stress Response of Aphids to the Accumulation of Heavy Metals Along L. Under Cadmium Treatment.

Due to the intensification of human activities, the ecosystems are being polluted by heavy metals. The pollution of heavy metals in agricultural systems has become a serious issue of global concern. This study detected the bioaccumulation of cadmium (Cd) in broad beans and aphids through continuous exposure to varying concentrations of Cd pollution (0, 3.

Chromosome-Level Assembly and Annotation of the Endangered Red-Wing Fish ().

The red-wing fish (), an endangered species native to Yunnan, is endemic to Chenghai Lake. The natural population of this species has suffered a sharp decline due to the invasion of alien fish species. Fortunately, the artificial domestication and reproduction of have been successful and this species has become an economic species locally.

Forensic STR Loci and Schizophrenia: An Exploration of Implications for Forensic Applications and Genetic Privacy.

Background/objectives: Short tandem repeat (STR) loci are widely used in forensic genetics for identification and kinship analysis. Traditionally, these loci were selected to avoid medical associations, but recent studies suggest that loci such as TH01 and D16S539 may be linked to psychiatric conditions like schizophrenia. This study explores these potential associations and considers the privacy implications related to disease susceptibility.

Substrate preference triggers metabolic patterns of indigenous microbiome during initial composting stages.

Composting organic waste is a sustainable recycling method in agricultural systems, yet the microbial preferences for different substrates and their influence on composting efficiency remain underexplored. Here, 210 datasets of published 16S ribosomal DNA amplicon sequences from straw and manure composts worldwide were analyzed, and a database of 278 bacterial isolates was compiled. Substrate-driven microbiome variations were most prominent during the initial composting stages.

Secupyritines A‒C, Three Natural Propellane Securinega Alkaloids: Structure Elucidation and Total Synthesis Based on Biogenetic Building Blocks.

Secupyritines A‒C are unique polycyclic Securinega alkaloids isolated from medicinal plant Flueggea suffruticosa. They feature a distinctive 6/6/6/5/6 fused pentacyclic ring system with a highly strained 2-oxa-6-aza[4.4.

Evaluating the weight-adjusted waist index as a predictive tool for sarcopenia and mortality risk.

Purpose: The weight-adjusted waist index (WWI) is a novel anthropometric measure. WWI is linked to reduced muscle mass and strength; however, its efficacy for assessing sarcopenia and predicting adverse outcomes has yet to be validated. This study compared and examined the relationship between sarcopenia and WWI across different diagnostic criteria and aimed to evaluate its potential as a predictor of sarcopenia and all-cause mortality.

An Automatic Deep-Radiomics Framework for Prostate Cancer Diagnosis and Stratification in Patients with Serum Prostate-Specific Antigen of 4.0-10.0 ng/mL: A Multicenter Retrospective Study.

Rationale And Objectives: To develop an automatic deep-radiomics framework that diagnoses and stratifies prostate cancer in patients with prostate-specific antigen (PSA) levels between 4 and 10 ng/mL.

Materials And Methods: A total of 1124 patients with histological results and PSA levels between 4 and 10 ng/mL were enrolled from one public dataset and two local institutions. An nnUNet was trained for prostate masks, and a feature extraction module identified suspicious lesion masks.

Disentangling Sources of Momentum Fluctuations in Xe+Xe and Pb+Pb Collisions with the ATLAS Detector.

High-energy nuclear collisions create a quark-gluon plasma, whose initial condition and subsequent expansion vary from event to event, impacting the distribution of the eventwise average transverse momentum [P([p_{T}])]. Disentangling the contributions from fluctuations in the nuclear overlap size (geometrical component) and other sources at a fixed size (intrinsic component) remains a challenge. This problem is addressed by measuring the mean, variance, and skewness of P([p_{T}]) in ^{208}Pb+^{208}Pb and ^{129}Xe+^{129}Xe collisions at sqrt[s_{NN}]=5.