Response of Intestinal Microbiota to the Variation in Diets in Grass Carp ().

The intestinal microbiota is important for the nutrient metabolism of fish and is significantly influenced by the host's diet. The effect of ryegrass and commercial diets on the intestinal microbiota of grass carp was compared in this study. In comparison to ryegrass, artificial feed significantly reduced the microbial diversity in the intestine, which was measured by a decrease in the observed OTUs, ACE, Shannon, and the InvSimpson index.

Da-Chai-Hu-Tang Protects From Acute Intrahepatic Cholestasis by Inhibiting Hepatic Inflammation and Bile Accumulation Activation of PPARα.

Cholestasis is caused by intrahepatic retention of excessive toxic bile acids and ultimately results in hepatic failure. Da-Chai-Hu-Tang (DCHT) has been used in China to treat liver and gallbladder diseases for over 1800 years. Here, we demonstrated that DCHT treatment prevented acute intrahepatic cholestasis with liver injury in response to α-naphthylisothiocyanate (ANIT) not to bile duct ligation (BDL) induced-extrahepatic cholestasis.

The expression landscape of JAK1 and its potential as a biomarker for prognosis and immune infiltrates in NSCLC.

Background: Janus-activated kinase-1 (JAK1) plays a crucial role in many aspects of cell proliferation, differentiation, apoptosis and immune regulation. However, correlations of JAK1 with prognosis and immune infiltration in NSCLC have not been documented.

Methods: We analyzed the relationship between JAK1 expression and NSCLC prognosis and immune infiltration using multiple public databases.

Elevated exosome-derived miRNAs predict osimertinib resistance in non-small cell lung cancer.

Background: Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients with epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) mutations will inevitably develop drug resistance after being treated with the third-generation EGFR-tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI), osimertinib. Recently, the drug resistance information transmitted by exosomal miRNAs has attracted much attention. However, the mechanism of exosome-derived miRNAs in osimertinib resistance remains unexplored.

Omarigliptin Prevents TNF-α-Induced Cellular Senescence in Rat Aorta Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells.

Cellular senescence is one of the most significant factors involved in aging and age-related diseases. Senescence of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) adversely affects the function of the cardiovascular system and contributes to the development of atherosclerosis, hypertension, and other cardiovascular diseases. Glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) is an important incretin hormone involved in insulin release and vascular tone.

Longitudinal Trajectories in Cortical Thickness and Volume Atrophy: Superior Cognitive Performance Does Not Protect Against Brain Atrophy in Older Adults.

Background: Previous research has identified a small subgroup of older adults that maintain a high level of cognitive functioning well into advanced age. Investigation of those with superior cognitive performance (SCP) for their age is important, as age-related decline has previously been thought to be inevitable.

Objective: Preservation of cortical thickness and volume was evaluated in 76 older adults with SCP and 100 typical older adults (TOAs) assessed up to five times over six years.

Comparison between closed pleural biopsy and medical thoracoscopy for the diagnosis of undiagnosed exudative pleural effusions: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background: Exudative pleural effusion (EPE) is a common diagnostic challenge. The utility of medical thoracoscopy (MT) and closed pleural biopsy (CPB) to aid in the diagnosis of EPE has been reported in many published studies. Herein, we perform a systematic review and meta-analysis to compare the diagnostic yield and safety of CPB and MT in EPE.

Dilated conditional GAN for bone suppression in chest radiographs with enforced semantic features.

Purpose: The purpose of this essay is to improve computer-aided diagnosis of lung diseases by the removal of bone structures imagery such as ribs and clavicles, which may shadow a clinical view of lesions. This paper aims to develop an algorithm to suppress the imaging of bone structures within clinical x-ray images, leaving a residual portrayal of lung tissue; such that these images can be used to better serve applications, such as lung nodule detection or pathology based on the radiological reading of chest x rays.

Methods: We propose a conditional Adversarial Generative Network (cGAN) (Mirza and Osindero, Conditional generative adversarial nets, 2014.

Serum Hepcidin Levels in Cognitively Normal Older Adults with High Neocortical Amyloid-β Load.

Background/objective: Hepcidin, an iron-regulating hormone, suppresses the release of iron by binding to the iron exporter protein, ferroportin, resulting in intracellular iron accumulation. Given that iron dyshomeostasis has been observed in Alzheimer's disease (AD) together with elevated serum hepcidin levels, the current study examined whether elevated serum hepcidin levels are an early event in AD pathogenesis by measuring the hormone in cognitively normal older adults at risk of AD, based on high neocortical amyloid-β load (NAL).

Methods: Serum hepcidin levels in cognitively normal participants (n = 100) aged between 65-90 years were measured using ELISA.

Plasma transferrin and hemopexin are associated with altered Aβ uptake and cognitive decline in Alzheimer's disease pathology.

Background: Heme and iron homeostasis is perturbed in Alzheimer's disease (AD); therefore, the aim of the study was to examine the levels and association of heme with iron-binding plasma proteins in cognitively normal (CN), mild cognitive impairment (MCI), and AD individuals from the Australian Imaging, Biomarker and Lifestyle Flagship Study of Ageing (AIBL) and Kerr Anglican Retirement Village Initiative in Ageing Health (KARVIAH) cohorts.

Methods: Non-targeted proteomic analysis by high-resolution mass spectrometry was performed to quantify relative protein abundances in plasma samples from 144 CN individuals from the AIBL and 94 CN from KARVIAH cohorts and 21 MCI and 25 AD from AIBL cohort. ANCOVA models were utilized to assess the differences in plasma proteins implicated in heme/iron metabolism, while multiple regression modeling (and partial correlation) was performed to examine the association between heme and iron proteins, structural neuroimaging, and cognitive measures.

Personality factors and cerebral glucose metabolism in community-dwelling older adults.

Personality factors have been associated with Alzheimer's disease (AD) and dementia, but they have not been examined against markers of regional brain glucose metabolism (a primary measure of brain functioning) in older adults without clinically diagnosed cognitive impairment. The relationship between personality factors derived from the five-factor model and cerebral glucose metabolism determined using positron emission tomography (PET) with [18F]-2-fluoro-2-deoxy-D-glucose (18F-FDG-PET) was examined in a cohort of 237 non-demented, community-dwelling older adults aged 60-89 years (M ± SD = 73.76 ± 6.

Reciprocal signaling between mTORC1 and MNK2 controls cell growth and oncogenesis.

eIF4E plays key roles in protein synthesis and tumorigenesis. It is phosphorylated by the kinases MNK1 and MNK2. Binding of MNKs to eIF4G enhances their ability to phosphorylate eIF4E.

Structural core of the executive control network: A high angular resolution diffusion MRI study.

Executive function (EF) is a set of cognitive capabilities considered essential for successful daily living, and is negatively affected by ageing and neurodegenerative conditions. Underpinning EF performance are functional nodes in the executive control network (ECN), while the structural connectivity underlying this network is not well understood. In this paper, we evaluated the structural white matter tracts that interconnect the ECN and investigated their relationship to the EF performance.

Plasma neurofilament light chain and amyloid-β are associated with the kynurenine pathway metabolites in preclinical Alzheimer's disease.

Background: Blood markers indicative of neurodegeneration (neurofilament light chain; NFL), Alzheimer's disease amyloid pathology (amyloid-β; Aβ), and neuroinflammation (kynurenine pathway; KP metabolites) have been investigated independently in neurodegenerative diseases. However, the association of these markers of neurodegeneration and AD pathology with neuroinflammation has not been investigated previously. Therefore, the current study examined whether NFL and Aβ correlate with KP metabolites in elderly individuals to provide insight on the association between blood indicators of neurodegeneration and neuroinflammation.

Ultrasensitive Detection of Plasma Amyloid-β as a Biomarker for Cognitively Normal Elderly Individuals at Risk of Alzheimer's Disease.

Background: Aberrant amyloid-β (Aβ) deposition in the brain occurs two decades prior to the manifestation of Alzheimer's disease (AD) clinical symptoms and therefore brain Aβ load measured using PET serves as a gold standard biomarker for the early diagnosis of AD. However, the uneconomical nature of PET makes blood markers, that reflect brain Aβ deposition, attractive candidates for investigation as surrogate markers.

Objective: Investigation of plasma Aβ as a surrogate marker for brain Aβ deposition in cognitively normal elderly individuals.

Prognostic role of pretreatment neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio in non-small cell lung cancer patients treated with systemic therapy: a meta-analysis.

Background: Neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) is related to prognosis in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). However, no consensus on the relationship of pretreatment NLR and survival outcomes of systemic therapy in NSCLC exists. This meta-analysis investigated the prognostic role of pretreatment NLR during systemic therapy for NSCLC, including chemotherapy, immunotherapy and targeted therapy.

Eukaryotic elongation factor 2 kinase promotes angiogenesis in hepatocellular carcinoma via PI3K/Akt and STAT3.

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is an aggressive malignancy with increasing mortality in China. Angiogenesis is crucial for tumor formation, development and metastasis in HCC. Previous studies indicated that high expression levels of elongation factor 2 kinase (eEF2K), a protein kinase that negatively regulates the elongation stage of translation, were associated with poor prognosis of HCC.

Long intergenic non‑coding RNA 00467 promotes lung adenocarcinoma proliferation, migration and invasion by binding with EZH2 and repressing HTRA3 expression.

Long non‑coding RNAs (lncRNAs) have been identified to serve an important role in the occurrence, development and metastasis of tumours. However, the role of linc00467 in lung adenocarcinoma (LAD) is unclear. In the present study, it was demonstrated that linc00467 expression was upregulated in human lung tumour tissues compared with normal tissues.

Effectiveness and safety of PD-1/PD-L1 or CTLA4 inhibitors combined with chemotherapy as a first-line treatment for lung cancer: A meta-analysis.

Background: Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) combined with chemotherapy have been applied as a first-line treatment for lung cancer, but consistent beneficial results have not been documented. Therefore, our meta-analysis aimed to evaluate the effectiveness and safety of combination therapy to promote its application.

Methods: We searched electronic databases for studies that estimated the safety and efficacy of combined therapy.

Three new disease-progression modes in NSCLC patients after EGFR-TKI treatment by next-generation sequencing analysis.

Introduction: Most non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients who exhibit good clinical responses to EGFR-tyrosine kinase inhibitors (EGFR-TKIs) will inevitably develop disease progression. Herein, through next-generation sequencing (NGS), we aimed to investigate three new disease-progression modes of NSCLC patients after EGFR-TKI treatment.

Materials And Methods: Patients with sensitive EGFR-mutations who acquired resistance to EGFR-TKIs and whose tissues were subjected to post-progression NGS were enrolled.

RNA sequencing enables systematic identification of platelet transcriptomic alterations in NSCLC patients.

Platelets are implicated as key players in the metastatic dissemination of tumor cells. Previous evidence demonstrated platelets retained cytoplasmic RNAs with physiologically activity, splicing pre-mRNA to mRNA and translating into functional proteins in response to external stimulation. Recently, platelets gene profile of healthy or diseased individuals were characterized with the help of RNA sequencing (RNA-Seq) in some studies, leading to new insights into the mechanisms underlying disease pathogenesis.