Predicting serious postoperative complications and evaluating racial fairness in machine learning algorithms for metabolic and bariatric surgery.

Background: Predicting the risk of complications is critical in metabolic and bariatric surgery (MBS).

Objectives: To develop machine learning (ML) models to predict serious postoperative complications of MBS and evaluate racial fairness of the models.

Setting: Metabolic and Bariatric Surgery Accreditation and Quality Improvement Program (MBSAQIP) national database, United States.

Immunological hide-and-seek: epigenetically reprogrammed cancer cells and the dynamics of CD8 T cells.

Cancer remains a global health burden, shaped by both genetic mutations and epigenetic dysregulation. Epigenetic alteration plays a pivotal role in tumorigenesis, immune response modulation, and the emergence of treatment resistance. This review emphasizes the intricate interplay between epigenetically reprogrammed cancer cells and the tumor microenvironment (TME), a relationship central to the immunoediting concept, which encompasses elimination, equilibrium, and escape phases.

Nomogram predicting early urinary incontinence after radical prostatectomy.

Purpose: One of the most frequent side effects of radical prostatectomy (RP) is urinary incontinence. The primary cause of urine incontinence is usually thought to be impaired urethral sphincter function; nevertheless, the pathophysiology and recovery process of urine incontinence remains unclear. This study aimed to identify potential risk variables, build a risk prediction tool that considers preoperative urodynamic findings, and direct doctors to take necessary action to reduce the likelihood of developing early urinary incontinence.

Mapping Spatial Strain Distribution and Its Effects on Optoelectronic Properties in Wrinkled Perovskite Films.

Organic-inorganic halide perovskite films, fabricated by using the antisolvent method, have garnered intense attention for their application in high-efficiency and stable solar cells. These films characteristically develop periodic wrinkled microstructures. Previous research has indicated that macroscopic residual strain significantly influences the optoelectronic behaviors of these films.

Geometric molecular graph representation learning model for drug-drug interactions prediction.

Drug-drug interaction (DDI) can trigger many adverse effects in patients and has emerged as a threat to medicine and public health. Therefore, it is important to predict potential drug interactions since it can provide combination strategies of drugs for systematic and effective treatment. Existing deep learning-based methods often rely on DDI functional networks, or use them as an important part of the model information source.

Natural Product-Inspired Discovery of Naphthoquinone-Furo-Piperidine Derivatives as Novel STAT3 Inhibitors for the Treatment of Triple-Negative Breast Cancer.

Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is the most aggressive subtype of breast cancer, and STAT3 has emerged as an effective drug target for TNBC treatment. Herein, we employed a scaffold-hopping strategy of natural products to develop a series of naphthoquinone-furopiperidine derivatives as novel STAT3 inhibitors. The assay showed that compound possessed higher antiproliferative activity than Cryptotanshinone and Napabucasin against TNBC cell lines, along with lower toxicity and potent antitumor activity in a TNBC xenograft model.

Engineering thioesterase as a driving force for novel itaconate production via its degradation scheme.

Incorporation of irreversible steps in pathway design enhances the overall thermodynamic favorability and often leads to better bioconversion yield given functional enzymes. Using this concept, here we constructed the first non-natural itaconate biosynthesis pathway driven by thioester hydrolysis. Itaconate is a commercially valuable platform chemical with wide applications in the synthetic polymer industry.

A simple HPLC-MS/MS method for the determination of polymyxin B in human plasma and its application in the pharmacokinetic study in elderly patients infected with multidrug-resistant Gram-negative bacteria.

Polymyxin B is widely used to treat infections caused by multidrug-resistant Gram-negative bacteria. However, the pharmacokinetic study data of PB in the elderly are scarce. Herein, a simple method to measure the concentration of PB in human plasma was developed and validated by high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry, and it was applied to a PK study in the elderly.

Air-microwave simultaneously induced carbon fiber surface oxidation and magnetism adjustment by CoO nanoparticles rapid assembly for interface enhancement and electromagnetic wave absorption of its composites.

It is a significant challenge to develop a fast carbon fiber (CF) surface modification method, especially for the high strength electromagnetic wave (EMW) absorption materials. Herein, magnetic CoO nanoparticles are successfully synthesized and uniformly assembled on CF surface with high oxygen-containing groups by rapid ambient microwave carbon thermal shock (MCTS). The presence of oxygen defect sites on CF surface promotes CoO nanoparticles nucleation.

The links between symptom burden, illness perception, psychological resilience, social support, coping modes, and cancer-related worry in Chinese early-stage lung cancer patients after surgery: a cross-sectional study.

Objectives: This study aims to investigate the links between the clinical, demographic, and psychosocial factors and cancer-related worry in patients with early-stage lung cancer after surgery.

Methods: The study utilized a descriptive cross-sectional design. Questionnaires, including assessments of cancer-related worry, symptom burden, illness perception, psychological resilience, coping modes, social support and participant characteristics, were distributed to 302 individuals in early-stage lung cancer patients after surgery.

Guanylate cyclase promotes osseointegration by inhibiting oxidative stress and inflammation in aged rats with iron overload.

Aims: This study intended to investigate the effect of vericiguat (VIT) on titanium rod osseointegration in aged rats with iron overload, and also explore the role of VIT in osteoblast and osteoclast differentiation.

Methods: In this study, 60 rats were included in a titanium rod implantation model and underwent subsequent guanylate cyclase treatment. Imaging, histology, and biomechanics were used to evaluate the osseointegration of rats in each group.

Eriodictyol regulates white adipose tissue browning and hepatic lipid metabolism in high fat diet-induced obesity mice via activating AMPK/SIRT1 pathway.

Ethnopharmacological Relevance: Blossom of Citrus aurantium L. var. amara Engl.

Comparative proteomic analysis of retinal hypoxia-ischemia in an acute ocular hypertension model using tandem mass tag-based quantitative proteomics.

The main symptom of acute glaucoma is acute ocular hypertension (AOH), which leads to the death of retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) and permanent loss of vision. However, effective treatments for these conditions are lacking. This study aimed to identify major regulators and overall protein changes involved in AOH-induced RGC death.

Unlocking comprehensive molecular design across all scenarios with large language model and unordered chemical language.

Molecular generation stands at the forefront of AI-driven technologies, playing a crucial role in accelerating the development of small molecule drugs. The intricate nature of practical drug discovery necessitates the development of a versatile molecular generation framework that can tackle diverse drug design challenges. However, existing methodologies often struggle to encompass all aspects of small molecule drug design, particularly those rooted in language models, especially in tasks like linker design, due to the autoregressive nature of large language model-based approaches.

Paper-Based procalcitonin and Interleukin-6 test strip with Spectrum-Based optical reader for enterovirus severity differentiation in children.

Infectious diseases significantly impact global health, necessitating prompt diagnosis to mitigate life-threatening sepsis risk. Identifying patients at risk of severe neurological complications from enterovirus infections is challenging due to nonspecific initial presentations. Point-of-care testing (POCT) has emerged as a transformative tool, with low-cost lateral-flow colorimetric assays showing promise in deployable POCT devices.

Surgery or radiotherapy improves survival in elderly patients with early non-small cell lung cancer: A population-based analysis.

Objective: There is a lack of evidence to support a consensus on whether surgery or radiotherapy is optimal for elderly or very elderly patients with early-stage non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). We aimed to assess the impact of surgery or radiotherapy on survival in elderly (≥70 years) and very elderly (≥80 years) patients with early-stage NSCLC.

Methods: Patients aged ≥70 years diagnosed with early-stage NSCLC between January 1, 1975, and December 31, 2018, were identified in the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database.

Infestation of Rice Striped Stem Borer () Larvae Induces Emission of Volatile Organic Compounds in Rice and Repels Female Adult Oviposition.

Plants regulate the biosynthesis and emission of metabolic compounds to manage herbivorous stresses. In this study, as a destructive pest, the pre-infestation of rice striped stem borer (SSB, ) larvae on rice () reduced the subsequent SSB female adult oviposition preference. Widely targeted volatilomics and transcriptome sequencing were used to identify released volatile metabolic profiles and differentially expressed genes in SSB-infested and uninfested rice plants.

Advanced Glycation End-Products Acting as Immunomodulators for Chronic Inflammation, Inflammaging and Carcinogenesis in Patients with Diabetes and Immune-Related Diseases.

Increased production of advanced glycation end products (AGEs) among reducing sugars (glucose, fructose, galactose, or ribose) and amino acids/proteins via non-enzymatic Maillard reaction can be found in lifestyle-related disease (LSRD), metabolic syndrome (MetS), and obesity and immune-related diseases. Increased serum levels of AGEs may induce aging, diabetic complications, cardiovascular diseases (CVD), neurodegenerative diseases (NDD), cancer, and inflamm-aging (inflammation with immunosenescence). The Maillard reaction can also occur among reducing sugars and lipoproteins or DNAs to alter their structure and induce immunogenicity/genotoxicity for carcinogenesis.

In vitro cytotoxicity assessment of carbonaceous gels for bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells.

The current work aimed to elucidate the potential applications of the carbonaceous gels and assess the in vitro cytotoxicity of these gels when suspended in a culture medium and exposed to bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells. Cellular viability, cell cycle distribution, apoptotic cell death, and mitochondrial membrane potential in bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells co-incubated with different concentrations of carbonaceous gels (0.1, 1, 10, 50, and 100 μg/mL) were evaluated.

The influence of soil salinization, induced by the backwater effect of the Yellow River, on microbial community dynamics and ecosystem functioning in arid regions.

Irrigation practices and groundwater levels are critical factors contributing to soil salinization in arid and semi-arid regions. However, the impact of soil salinization resulting from Yellow River water irrigation and recharge on microbial communities and their functions in the Huinong District has not been thoroughly documented. In this study, high-throughput sequencing technology was employed to analyze the diversity, composition, and structure of bacterial and fungal communities across a gradient of salinized soils.