Does the health of local populations modify occupational differences in employment rates of older workers? Findings from the ONS Longitudinal Study 2001-2011.

Poor health is a key reason for early exit from the labour market. Few studies have explored how the health of local populations is related to occupational differences in employment outcomes among older people. Our study used data for England and Wales from the ONS Longitudinal Study linked with 2001 Census measures of the health of the older working age population at local authority level.

Towards a Customizable, SLA 3D-Printed Biliary Stent: Optimizing a Commercially Available Resin and Predicting Stent Behavior with Accurate In Silico Testing.

Inflammation of the bile ducts and surrounding tissues can impede bile flow from the liver into the intestines. If this occurs, a plastic or self-expanding metal (SEM) stent is placed to restore bile drainage. United States (US) Food and Drug Administration (FDA)-approved plastic biliary stents are less expensive than SEMs but have limited patency and can occlude bile flow if placed spanning a duct juncture.

Social media use by young people with language disorders: a scoping review.

Purpose: Social media are widely used by young people (YP), but how YP with language disorders use social media for social interaction remains insufficiently studied. This article provides an overview of the research on social media use by YP with language disorders.

Materials And Methods: A scoping review was conducted, guided by a five-stage framework.

Impact of COVID-19 pandemic on social isolation and loneliness among minority populations.

Background: The impact of social isolation and loneliness (SIL) was heightened during the COVID-19 pandemic. Although the pandemic disproportionately affected racial/ ethnic minorities, no studies have investigated the ramifications of the pandemic on SIL among these populations. This study aimed to determine the prevalence and pervasiveness of SIL during the COVID-19 pandemic on minority communities.

Levelling Up for health in towns? Development of a new deprivation index: the 'Stronger Towns Index' and its association with self-rated health and migration in England, between 2001 and 2011.

Aim: To develop the 'Stronger Towns Index': a deprivation index that took into account characteristics of areas encompassing towns that may be eligible for redevelopment funding and explore how this index was associated with self-rated health and migration within England between 2001 and 2011.

Subject And Methods: All members of the ONS Longitudinal Study in England aged 16 and over in 2001 whose records included a self-rated health response and a valid local authority code.Local authorities in England were ranked using a composite index developed using the five metrics set out in the Stronger Towns Funding: productivity, income, skills, deprivation measures, and the proportion of people living in towns.

HLA-B leader genotypes in a clinical population.

The -21 dimorphism in the leader sequences of HLA-B exon 1 is associated with risk of graft-versus-host disease (GVHD), relapse and overall survival after unrelated donor hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT), haploidentical HCT and cord blood transplantation. Consideration of the leader dimorphism in the prospective selection of allogeneic donors for HCT may help to lower risks for patients, but requires understanding of the frequencies of the leader in patients and candidate transplant donors. We defined the frequencies of the HLA-B leader, and its association to HLA-B Bw4/Bw6 and C1/C2 KIR epitopes.

ACPSEM position paper: the safety of magnetic resonance imaging linear accelerators.

Magnetic Resonance Imaging linear-accelerator (MRI-linac) equipment has recently been introduced to multiple centres in Australia and New Zealand. MRI equipment creates hazards for staff, patients and others in the MR environment; these hazards must be well understood, and risks managed by a system of environmental controls, written procedures and a trained workforce. While MRI-linac hazards are similar to the diagnostic paradigm, the equipment, workforce and environment are sufficiently different that additional safety guidance is warranted.

Do speech-language therapists support young people with communication disability to use social media? A mixed methods study of professional practices.

Background: Social media is increasingly used by young people, including those with communication disability. To date, though, little is known about how speech-language therapists (SLTs) support the social media use of young people with communication disability.

Aims: To explore what services SLTs provide to facilitate the social media use of young people with communication disability, including what these services look like, and the factors that impact SLTs' professional practices.

Does it matter how we measure the health of older people in places for associations with labour market outcomes? A cross-sectional study.

Background: Inequalities between different areas in the United Kingdom (UK) according to health and employment outcomes are well-documented. Yet it is unclear which health indicator is most closely linked to labour market outcomes, and whether associations are restricted to the older population.

Methods: We used the Office for National Statistics (ONS) Longitudinal Study (LS) to analyse which measures of health-in-a-place were cross-sectionally associated with three employment outcomes in 2011: not being in paid work, working hours (part-time, full-time), and economic inactivity (unemployed, retired, sick/disabled, other).

(Un-) healthy ageing: Geographic inequalities in disability-free life expectancy in England and Wales.

Health expectancies are an indicator of healthy ageing that reflect quantity and quality of life. Using limiting long term illness and mortality prevalence, we calculate disability-free life expectancy for small areas in England and Wales between 1991 and 2011 for males and females aged 50-74, the life stage when people may be changing their occupation from main career to retirement or alternative work activities. We find that inequalities in disability-free life expectancy are deeply entrenched, including former coalfield and ex-industrial areas and that areas of persistent (dis-) advantage, worsening or improving deprivation have health change in line with deprivation change.

Measuring the health of people in places: A scoping review of OECD member countries.

A scoping review was performed to identify how Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) countries measure overall health for sub-national geographies within each country. Sixty publications were selected from MEDLINE, Scopus and Google Scholar, plus information extracted from 37 of 38 OECD countries statistical agency and/or public health institute websites that were available in English. Data sources varied by categorisation into national statistical agency mortality (n = 7) or population-level survey morbidity (n = 5) health indicators.

Traveling Across Time Zones With Type 1 Diabetes: A Pilot Study Comparing Insulin Degludec With Insulin Glargine U100.

Objective: For people with type 1 diabetes, there are limited evidence-based resources to support self-management when traveling across multiple time zones. Here, we compared glycemic control on insulin degludec versus glargine U100 as the basal insulin for adults using multiple daily injections (MDI) while traveling across multiple time zones.

Research Design And Methods: This randomized crossover pilot study compared insulin degludec versus glargine U100 for adults with type 1 diabetes using MDI insulin during long-haul travel to and from Hawaii to New York.

The Modernization of Radiation Therapy Services in Cambodia: A Model of International Collaboration.

Purpose: Cambodia is a Southeast Asian low-middle-income country with a population of >15 million. In 2020, Cambodia was estimated to have 18,375 new diagnoses of cancer and 12,638 deaths attributable to cancer. Cambodia was estimated to have a deficit of 16 megavoltage machines in 2012.

Implementation of 3D conformal radiotherapy technology at the National Cancer Centre Mongolia: A successful Asia-Pacific collaborative initiative.

Introduction: Mongolia has a population of 3.3 million and is classified by the WHO as a lower middle-income country. Cancer is now a major public health issue and one of the leading causes of mortality.

Is studying medicine good for your health? Long-term health outcomes of a cohort of clinical medicine graduates in England and Wales in the ONS Longitudinal Study.

Objective: To quantify the potential protective effect on health associated with study of a clinical medicine degree.

Design: Prospective population-based cohort data collected at census and linked over time: cohort born before 1976 and survived to 2011. Subgroup analysis on those who reported having a degree at 1991 census.

Clinical practices of speech-language pathologists working with 12- to 16-year olds in Australia.

The current landscape of speech-language pathology (SLP) services for 12- to 16-year olds in Australia remains largely unchartered. Implementing the Speech Pathology 2030 vision necessitates mapping current services, and gaps in services, provided by speech-language pathologists (SLPs). However, the last survey of Australian SLPs' practices with young people was conducted in 2005.

#StateOfMind: Family Meal Frequency Moderates the Association Between Time on Social Networking Sites and Well-Being Among U.K. Young Adults.

Family belonging may influence relationships between the amount of time spent on social networking sites (SNS) and well-being. We examined the SNS and well-being association among young adults and investigated whether different markers of family belonging moderated this association. SNS, well-being, and family data ( = 2,229) were collected from adults aged 16-21 years living with their parent(s) in the United Kingdom.

Inequalities in time from stopping paid work to death: findings from the ONS Longitudinal Study, 2001-2011.

Background: UK state pension eligibility ages are linked to average life expectancy, which ignores wide socioeconomic disparities in both healthy and overall life expectancy.

Objectives: Investigate whether there are occupational social class differences in the amount of time older adults live after they stop work, and how much of these differences are due to health.

Methods: Participants were 76 485 members of the Office for National Statistics Longitudinal Study (LS), who were 50-75 years at the 2001 census and had stopped work by the 2011 census.

Exploring the characteristics of newly defined at-risk drinkers following the change to the UK low risk drinking guidelines: a retrospective analysis using Health Survey for England data.

Background: Alcohol guidelines enable individuals to make informed choices about drinking and assist healthcare practitioners to identify and treat at-risk drinkers. The UK Low Risk Drinking Guidelines were revised in 2016 and the weekly guideline for men was reduced from 21 to 14 units per week. This study sought to retrospectively establish 1) the number of additional at-risk male drinkers in England, 2) which demographic characteristics were associated with being an at-risk drinker under the previous versus new guidelines.

Identification of the rs9277534 HLA-DP expression marker by next generation sequencing for the selection of unrelated donors for hematopoietic cell transplantation.

Mismatching of an unrelated donor against a high-expression HLA-DPB1 recipient allele is associated with a high risk of graft-versus-host disease and mortality. The Seattle Cancer Care Alliance (SCCA) and Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center transplant program employs an algorithm to match for HLA-A, B, C, DRB1, DQB1 and DPB1 alleles (12/12) and to avoid, whenever possible, donor mismatching against a recipient high-expression HLA-DPB1 allele. HLA-DPB1 expression is associated with the rs9277534 A/G polymorphism located in the 3'UTR of the HLA-DPB1 gene.

Linking local labour market conditions across the life course to retirement age: Pathways of health, employment status, occupational class and educational achievement, using 60 years of the 1946 British Birth Cohort.

Several studies have documented that older workers who live in areas with higher unemployment rates are more likely to leave work for health and non-health reasons. Due to tracking of area disadvantage over the life course, and because negative individual health and socioeconomic factors are more likely to develop in individuals from disadvantaged areas, we do not know at what specific ages, and through which specific pathways, area unemployment may be influencing retirement age. Using data from the MRC National Survey of Health and Development, we use structural equation modelling to investigate pathways linking local authority unemployment at three ages (4y, 26y and 53y) to age of retirement (right-censored).

Gender differences and individual, household, and workplace characteristics: Regional geographies of extended working lives.

Increasing labour market participation among older workers is embedded in government policy in the United Kingdom and many other industrialised countries with rises in the state pension age in response to increasing life expectancy. Despite this, many workers stop working before state pension age with around a 20% reduction in the proportion of adults in work between ages 50 and 60 in 2011 in England and Wales. This paper considers the risk of remaining in work by region and gender between 2001 and 2011 for adults aged 40-49 in 2001.

Investigating the growing trend of non-drinking among young people; analysis of repeated cross-sectional surveys in England 2005-2015.

Background: Non-drinking among young people has increased over the past decade in England, yet the underlying factor driving this change is unknown. Traditionally non-drinking has been found to be associated with lower socio-economic status and poorer health. This study explores among which sub-groups non-drinking has increased, and how this correlates with changes in drinking patterns, to identify whether behaviours are becoming more polarised, or reduction is widespread among young people.