High-Phosphate Diet Induces Exercise Intolerance and Impairs Fatty Acid Metabolism in Mice.

Background: Inorganic phosphate (Pi) is used extensively as a preservative and a flavor enhancer in the Western diet. Physical inactivity, a common feature of Western societies, is associated with increased cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. It is unknown whether dietary Pi excess contributes to exercise intolerance and physical inactivity.

De-implementation of low value castration for men with prostate cancer: protocol for a theory-based, mixed methods approach to minimizing low value androgen deprivation therapy (DeADT).

Background: Men with prostate cancer are often castrated with long-acting injectable drugs termed androgen deprivation therapy (ADT). Although many benefit, ADT is also used in patients with little or nothing to gain. The best ways to stop this practice are unknown, and range from blunt pharmacy restrictions to informed decision-making.

Variation in thermal tolerances of native freshwater fishes in South Africa's Cape Fold Ecoregion: examining the east-west gradient in species' sensitivity to climate warming.

The Cape Fold Ecoregion (CFE) is a biodiversity hotspot with high levels of endemism in its freshwater fish fauna. This study examined inter and intra-specific variation in critical thermal maxima (T ) for eight native species of freshwater fish from the CFE. Cape galaxias Galaxias zebratus, Breede River redfin Pseudobarbus burchelli, Berg River redfin Pseudobarbus burgi, Clanwilliam redfin Pseudobarbus calidus and fiery redfin Pseudobarbus phlegethon were the most thermally sensitive (T  = 29.

Pediatric trauma center verification improves quality of care and reduces resource utilization in blunt splenic injury.

Purpose: We sought to evaluate value impact of transition from an adult trauma center treating children (ATC) to a verified pediatric trauma center (PTC) in children with blunt splenic injury (BSI).

Methods: Children with BSI from FY 2005 to FY 2017 were extracted from the hospital trauma registry. February 2009 distinguished "ATC" treated children from "PTC" treated children.

Advance Care Planning and Patient Preferences in a Feasibility Pilot Study to Improve End-of-Life Communication among Men with Metastatic Urological Malignancies.

Introduction: Rates of advance care planning for patients with cancer are poor despite efforts to enhance discussions regarding goals of care. Good patient-physician communication is critical to providing quality end-of-life care and, thus, it is important to identify effective interventions to improve systems through which patient preferences are addressed.

Methods: To improve rates of advance care planning as well as examine patient preferences regarding end-of-life care, we developed an integrated urology-palliative care clinic.

Cobalt ions stimulate a fibrotic response through matrix remodelling, fibroblast contraction and release of pro-fibrotic signals from macrophages.

Many studies report the adverse responses to metal-on-metal (MoM) hip prostheses, with tissues surrounding failed MoM hip prostheses revealing abundant tissue necrosis and fibrosis. These local effects appear to be initiated by metal ions released from the prosthesis causing the secretion of inflammatory mediators. However, little is known about the effect of the metal ions on tissue remodelling and pseudotumor formation, which are also associated with the failure of MoM hip prostheses.

Knowledge and Attitudes About Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis Among Young Adults Experiencing Homelessness in Seven U.S. Cities.

Purpose: Evidence suggests that young adults experiencing homelessness (YEH) are at elevated risk of HIV compared to housed youth. Given the limited research on pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) awareness among YEH, this study examined their PrEP knowledge and attitudes.

Methods: Data from a cross-sectional survey among YEH (ages 18-26) (n = 1,427) in seven U.

Characterising potential bone scan overuse amongst men treated with radical prostatectomy.

Objectives: To characterise bone scan use, and potential overuse, after radical prostatectomy (RP) using data from a large, national integrated delivery system. Overuse of imaging is well documented in the setting of newly diagnosed prostate cancer, but whether overuse persists after RP remains unknown.

Patients And Methods: We identified 12 269 patients with prostate cancer treated with RP between 2005 and 2008 using the Veterans Administration Central Cancer Registry.

Ovarian masses in the child and adolescent: An American Pediatric Surgical Association Outcomes and Evidence-Based Practice Committee systematic review.

Background: The treatment of ovarian masses in pediatric patients should balance appropriate surgical management with the preservation of future reproductive capability. Preoperative estimation of malignant potential is essential to planning an optimal surgical strategy.

Methods: The American Pediatric Surgical Association Outcomes and Evidence-Based Practice Committee drafted three consensus-based questions regarding the evaluation and treatment of ovarian masses in pediatric patients.

Gene editing restores dystrophin expression in a canine model of Duchenne muscular dystrophy.

Mutations in the gene encoding dystrophin, a protein that maintains muscle integrity and function, cause Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD). The deltaE50-MD dog model of DMD harbors a mutation corresponding to a mutational "hotspot" in the human gene. We used adeno-associated viruses to deliver CRISPR gene editing components to four dogs and examined dystrophin protein expression 6 weeks after intramuscular delivery ( = 2) or 8 weeks after systemic delivery ( = 2).

Testing Dark Decays of Baryons in Neutron Stars.

The observation of neutron stars with masses greater than one solar mass places severe demands on any exotic neutron decay mode that could explain the discrepancy between beam and bottle measurements of the neutron lifetime. If the neutron can decay to a stable, feebly interacting dark fermion, the maximum possible mass of a neutron star is 0.7M_{⊙}, while all well-measured neutron star masses exceed one M_{⊙}.

Microbial community composition of a hydrocarbon reservoir 40 years after a CO2 enhanced oil recovery flood.

Injecting CO2 into depleted oil reservoirs to extract additional crude oil is a common enhanced oil recovery (CO2-EOR) technique. However, little is known about how in situ microbial communities may be impacted by CO2 flooding, or if any permanent microbiological changes occur after flooding has ceased. Formation water was collected from an oil field that was flooded for CO2-EOR in the 1980s, including samples from areas affected by or outside of the flood region, to determine the impacts of CO2-EOR on reservoir microbial communities.

Mechanical loading induces primary cilia disassembly in tendon cells via TGFβ and HDAC6.

This study used isolated human tenocytes to test the hypothesis that cyclic mechanical strain directly stimulates primary cilia disassembly, and to elucidate the mechanisms involved. Cells were seeded onto flexible membranes and strained at 0-3%; 1 Hz, for up to 24 hours. Cilia length and prevalence progressively reduced with increasing strain duration but showed full recovery within 2 hours of strain removal.

At Last! Universal Health Coverage That Prioritizes Health Impact: The Latest Edition of Disease Control Priorities (DCP3).

Sadly, we face a vast sea of health problems in global health. Universal health coverage programming should prioritize interventions with the most health impact, but instead largely succumbs to emphasizing less impactful clinical curative services. In contrast, DCP3 provides an evidence-based template that prioritizes impact.

MARDy: Mycology Antifungal Resistance Database.

Summary: The increase of antifungal drug resistance is a major global human health concern and threatens agriculture and food security; in order to tackle these concerns, it is important to understand the mechanisms that cause antifungal resistance. The curated Mycology Antifungal Resistance Database (MARDy) is a web-service of antifungal drug resistance mechanisms, including amino acid substitutions, tandem repeat sequences and genome ploidy. MARDy is implemented on a Linux, Apache, MySQL and PHP web development platform and includes a local installation of BLASTn of the database of curated genes.

Virtual Surgical Planning for the Management of Severe Atrophic Mandible Fractures.

Severely atrophic mandible fractures are frequently a challenge to treat. Virtual surgical planning (VSP) uses three-dimensional computed tomographic (CT) scans that can be translated into stereolithographic models to fabricate surgical templates, facilitating intraoperative procedures. The purpose of this article is to describe the reconstruction of two cases of severe atrophic mandible fracture using VSP.

"A threat on the ground": The consequences of witnessing stereotype-confirming ingroup members in interracial interactions.

Objectives: Three studies explored interpersonal consequences of engaging in interracial interactions after witnessing racial ingroup members' stereotypical behavior.

Method: Study 1 used experience-sampling methodology to assess ethnic minority students' (n = 119) intergroup anxiety, metastereotypes, and anticipatory behaviors following one of three types of interpersonal interactions: (a) a White person and a racial ingroup member who had behaved stereotypically, (b) a White person and a nonstereotypical ingroup member, or (c) neither. Studies 2 (n = 273) and 3 (n = 379) experimentally examined whether witnessing an ingroup member's stereotypically negative behavior in interracial interactions, compared to stereotypically positive (Study 2) or nonstereotypically negative behavior (Study 3) differentially affected anxiety, metastereotypes, and anticipatory behaviors in interracial versus intraracial interactions among Black Americans.

Dengue fever complicated with Guillain-Barré syndrome: a case report and review of the literature.

Background: Dengue is an arboviral infection classically presenting with fever, arthralgia, headache, and rashes. It is hyperendemic in Sri Lanka and has a major impact on health. Neurological complications of dengue fever are rare but have been reported in the literature.

Cobalt (II) ions and nanoparticles induce macrophage retention by ROS-mediated down-regulation of RhoA expression.

Unlabelled: Histological assessments of synovial tissues from patients with failed CoCr alloy hip prostheses demonstrate extensive infiltration and accumulation of macrophages, often loaded with large quantities of particulate debris. The resulting adverse reaction to metal debris (ARMD) frequently leads to early joint revision. Inflammatory response starts with the recruitment of immune cells and requires the egress of macrophages from the inflamed site for resolution of the reaction.

Prediction of taper performance using quasi static FE models: The influence of loading, taper clearance and trunnion length.

The head-neck taper junction has been widely reported to corrode leading to adverse tissue reactions. Taper corrosion is a poorly understood phenomenon but has been associated with oxide layer damage and ingress of corrosive physiological fluids. Micromotion may damage the oxide layer; although little is understood about the prevailing stresses which cause this.

The Research Implications of Prostate Specific Antigen Registry Errors: Data from the Veterans Health Administration.

Purpose: We sought to characterize the effects of prostate specific antigen registry errors on clinical research by comparing cohorts based on cancer registry prostate specific antigen values with those based directly on results in the electronic health record.

Materials And Methods: We defined sample cohorts of men with prostate cancer using data from the Veterans Health Administration, including those with a prostate specific antigen value less than 4.0, 4.

Municipal Wastewater as a Microbial Surveillance Platform for Enteric Diseases: A Case Study for Salmonella and Salmonellosis.

Municipal wastewater (MW) contains a conglomeration of human enteric microbiota from a community and, hence, represents a potential surveillance tool for gastrointestinal infectious disease burden at the community level. To evaluate this, the concentration of Salmonella in MW samples from Honolulu, Hawaii, was monitored over a 54-week period, which showed positive and significant linear and rank correlation with clinical salmonellosis case numbers over the same period. Salmonella isolates were obtained from the MW samples and then compared with clinical isolates obtained by the Hawaii Department of Health State Laboratories over the same period.