The role of the JunD-RhoH axis in the pathogenesis of hairy cell leukemia and its ability to identify existing therapeutics that could be repurposed to treat relapsed or refractory disease.

Hairy cell leukemia (HCL) is an indolent malignancy of mature B-lymphocytes. While existing front-line therapies achieve excellent initial results, a significant number of patients relapse and become increasingly treatment resistant. A major molecular driver of HCL is aberrant interlocking expression of the transcription factor JunD and the intracellular signaling molecule RhoH.

Fluorine 18-Fluorodeoxyglucose Positron Emission Tomography/Computed Tomography Cardiac Viability Risk Stratification in Comparison with EuroSCORE II for Revascularization in Patients with Left Ventricular Dysfunction.

Background: Diagnostic value of fluorine 18-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography/computed tomography (F18-FDG PET/CT) in the assessment of myocardial viable segments is well known; hence, it can identify patients with left ventricular (LV) systolic dysfunction who may benefit from revascularization. The presence of significant myocardial viable segments before revascularization will offer better prognosis with reduced mortality and morbidity. However, the usage of F18-FDG PET/CT myocardial viability study in the presurgical risk stratification is limited.

Suspecting and diagnosing transthyretin amyloid cardiomyopathy (ATTR-CM) in India: An Indian expert consensus.

Transthyretin cardiac amyloidosis (ATTR-CM) is a rare and under-recognized disorder characterized by the aggregation of transthyretin-derived insoluble amyloid fibrils in the myocardium. Heterogeneity of symptoms at presentation, makes its diagnosis often delayed. An expert panel gathered on a virtual platform across India to conduct a meeting for developing a guiding tool for ATTR-CM diagnosis.

Role of high acquisition flow cytometry in the detection of marrow involvement in patients with extramedullary B cell non-Hodgkins lymphoma: a comparison with marrow aspirate cytology, trephine biopsy, and PET.

Detection of marrow infiltration is crucial in extramedullary B cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma (B-NHL). We studied the efficiency of high acquisition flow cytometry (FCM) in detecting marrow involvement in B-NHL patients and compared its performance with marrow aspiration (BMA) cytology, marrow biopsy (BMB), and positron emission tomography (PET). No case with marrow infiltration was found to be BMB positive and FCM negative.

Mediastinal parathyroid adenoma removal by video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery.

Ectopic parathyroid adenomas in the mediastinum are rare causes of primary hyperparathyroidism. We report two cases of mediastinal parathyroid adenoma. Functioning parathyroid lesion was localized with the help of nuclear single-photon emission computed tomography scan in both the patients.

Incremental Value of Three-Phase Bone Scintigraphy and Single-Photon Emission Computed Tomography-Computed Tomography in a Case of Postpartum PUO in the Wake of The Antibiotic-Resistance Era.

Postpartum methicillin-resistant (MRSA) infection occurs in patients with complicated vaginal delivery or cesarean section. The infection can manifest as mastitis, endometritis, and if untreated may lead to toxic shock syndrome. We report a case of postpartum MRSA osteomyelitis diagnosed by 99mtechnetium-methylene diphosphonate skeletal scintigraphy and single-photon emission computed tomography-computed tomography (CT) that was further confirmed by magnetic resonance imaging and CT-guided biopsy.

Multicentric primary diffuse large B-cell lymphoma in genitourinary tract detected on F-F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography with computed tomography: An uncommon presentation of a common malignancy.

Primary extranodal lymphomas (ENLs) are lymphomas with no or minor nodal involvement and a dominant extranodal component originating from any organ. Primary ENL originating in the genitourinary tract is extremely rare. Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) is the most frequent histological subtype in primary genitourinary lymphoma.

Clinically occult image revelations of fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography/computed tomography in a peculiar case of sinonasal myeloid sarcoma.

Myeloid sarcoma (MS) is a sparse association of acute myeloid leukemia (AML) with poor overall survival. Sinonasal involvement in MS is rarer and meagerly studied. Recent prospective studies have underlined the importance of positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) in disease assessment and relapse detection in extramedullary (EM) AML.

Genuine impact of F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography with contrast-enhanced computed tomography in clinching the diagnosis and follow-up response assessment of vascular graft infections.

Vascular graft infection (VGI) is a rare and severe complication after vascular surgery associated with significant morbidity and mortality, but the diagnosis is not always straightforward due to its variable and nonspecific clinical signs. Computed tomography (CT) scan is considered to be the diagnostic tool of choice for advanced VGI, but there is a high incidence of false-negative results, especially in low-grade infections. F-Fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography with contrast-enhanced CT (F-FDG PET-CT) imaging can serve as an effective alternative tool for assessment of suspected VGI and also provide accurate anatomic localization of the infective focus.

Germline genetic contribution to the immune landscape of cancer.

Understanding the contribution of the host's genetic background to cancer immunity may lead to improved stratification for immunotherapy and to the identification of novel therapeutic targets. We investigated the effect of common and rare germline variants on 139 well-defined immune traits in ∼9000 cancer patients enrolled in TCGA. High heritability was observed for estimates of NK cell and T cell subset infiltration and for interferon signaling.

Incremental Value of FDG PET/CT in Aggressive High Grade B Cell lymphoma with TdT Expression.

High-grade B-cell lymphoma, an aggressive form of Non-Hodgkin's Lymphoma, is known as a double or triple hit lymphoma based on the presence of MYC and BCL2 without or with BCL6 genetic rearrangements, respectively. It carries a poorer prognosis, compared to other variants of B-cell lymphoma, and its management also differs which requires more intensive chemotherapy in contrast to the routine regimen. Terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase (TdT), a marker of immaturity is commonly expressed in B-cell lymphoblastic leukemia or lymphoma (B cell ALL) which is absent in mature forms of B-cell lymphoma.

18-Fluorine-Fluorodeoxyglucose Positron Emission Tomography-Computed Tomography in the Evaluation of the Great Masquerader Melioidosis: A Case Series.

Melioidosis is an emerging infectious disease in India. The disease has a crippling effect on the patient owing to its widespread dissemination and complications post bacteremia. The role of 18-fluorine-fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) positron emission tomography-computed tomography (PET-CT) is becoming increasingly important in terms of documenting the extent of disease and response to treatment.

Dopamine Transporter maging with Tc-99m TRODAT-1 SPECT in Parkinson's isease and its orrelation with linical isease everity.

Objectives: To evaluate the role of Tc-99m TRODAT-1 Single Photon Emission Computed Tomography (SPECT) in Parkinson's Disease (PD) by assessing the correlation of clinical disease severity, disease duration and age at onset of disease with specific uptake ratio of Tc-99m TRODAT-1 in striatum.

Methods: The study included 63 patients in age range of 40-72 years with clinical diagnosis of PD and nine controls. Clinical history of patients was obtained regarding age at onset of disease and disease duration.

Baseline Pancreatic Beta Cell Imaging After Pancreatic Transplantation Using Whole-Body 68Ga-DOTA-Exendin-4 PET/CT: A Spectrum of 2 Cases of Diabetes Mellitus.

Whole pancreatic transplant and islet cells transplantation are currently available strategies aiming toward diabetes cure. Beta cell specific noninvasive functional imaging using novel PET radiotracers are now available and can be used for beta cell imaging and quantification. Herein we describe a spectrum of 2 cases demonstrating beta cell targeted imaging using Ga-DOTA-exendin-4 PET/CT in patients with diabetes after simultaneous pancreas-kidney transplantation.

A Pan-Cancer Analysis Reveals High-Frequency Genetic Alterations in Mediators of Signaling by the TGF-β Superfamily.

We present an integromic analysis of gene alterations that modulate transforming growth factor β (TGF-β)-Smad-mediated signaling in 9,125 tumor samples across 33 cancer types in The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA). Focusing on genes that encode mediators and regulators of TGF-β signaling, we found at least one genomic alteration (mutation, homozygous deletion, or amplification) in 39% of samples, with highest frequencies in gastrointestinal cancers. We identified mutation hotspots in genes that encode TGF-β ligands (BMP5), receptors (TGFBR2, AVCR2A, and BMPR2), and Smads (SMAD2 and SMAD4).

Silicone Implant Incompatibility Syndrome: Mimicking Metastases on Fluoro-Deoxy-Glucose Positron Emission Tomography-Computed Tomography in a Treated Case of Carcinoma Breast.

Silicone implant incompatibility syndrome (SIIS) has been identified as a cause of systemic symptoms such as lymphadenopathy, myalgia, and dyspnea in patients with silicone implants. We present a case of 76-year-old female patient, treated for carcinoma left breast with mastectomy and silicone breast implant, chemotherapy, and radiotherapy 42 years ago. There was a history of implant rupture and removal 2 years ago.

Postrenal Transplant Allograft "Page Kidney" Identified and Salvaged using Tc-diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid Renogram and Single-photon Emission-computed Tomography.

Tc diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid (DTPA) renogram is a commonly performed evaluation postrenal transplant to assess graft function and for early detection of suspected immediate and late transplant-associated complications. Although several modalities can be utilized to detect perinephric collection in posttransplant period, the utility of Tc DTPA single-photon emission-computed tomography (SPECT-CT) is not recognized. Herein, we discuss the incremental role of seldom considered SPECT-CT in early detection, leading to timely appropriate management and graft salvage in a case of posttransplant deteriorating renal allograft as a result of subcapsular hematoma.

Incomplete form of Primary Hypertrophic Osteoarthropathy (Touraine-Solente-Gole Syndrome) Masquerading as Polyartrhalgia Diagnosed in Technetium-99m-Methylene Diphosphonate Scintigraphy: An Interesting Case Report.

The primary hypertrophic osteoarthropathy (PHOA) (pachydermoperiostosis) is a rare genetic/hereditary disease characterized by skin changes (pachydermia), clubbing of fingers and periosteal thickening (periostitis) with sub-periosteal new bone formation. Here we describe a case of an adolescent male who presented with clubbing and polyarthralgia. On evaluation with scintigraphy and SPECT-CT, he was diagnosed to have incomplete form of PHOA(skeletal manifestations without skin changes).

The Cancer Genome Atlas Comprehensive Molecular Characterization of Renal Cell Carcinoma.

Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is not a single disease, but several histologically defined cancers with different genetic drivers, clinical courses, and therapeutic responses. The current study evaluated 843 RCC from the three major histologic subtypes, including 488 clear cell RCC, 274 papillary RCC, and 81 chromophobe RCC. Comprehensive genomic and phenotypic analysis of the RCC subtypes reveals distinctive features of each subtype that provide the foundation for the development of subtype-specific therapeutic and management strategies for patients affected with these cancers.

Scintigraphic Evaluation of Esophageal Motility and Gastroesophageal Reflux in Patients Presenting with Upper Respiratory Tract Symptoms.

Purpose Of Study: The purpose is to evaluate the findings and utility of esophageal transit scintigraphy (ETS) and gastroesophageal reflux scintigraphy (GES) in patients presenting with upper respiratory tract (URT) symptoms suspected to be due to gastroesophageal reflux (GER) disease.

Materials And Methods: Thirty patients aged between 19 and 60 years underwent nasopharyngolaryngoscopy (NPL), ETS, and GES. Correlation between GER, esophageal motility, and NPL was evaluated.

Localized Pontine Uptake in Fluorine-18-Fuorodeoxyglucose Positron Emission Tomography/Computed Tomography in a Case of Hyponatremia: A Case Report and Review of Literature.

A rare acquired demyelinating lesion of the pons central pontine myelinolysis (CPM) typically occurs after rapid correction of hyponatremia. There is disruption of blood-brain barrier due to osmotic stress allowing access for inflammatory mediators in extravascular brain tissue, which most likely attracts glial cells of the brain, attracts macrophages, and activates astrocytes. We present a case of female with a known history of inflammatory bowel disease who presented with altered sensorium and hyponatremia.

Pericardial Synovial Sarcoma Followed Up With Contrast-Enhanced PET-CT.

Pericardial synovial sarcoma is an extremely rare tumor, and a challenging diagnosis due to nonspecific diverse presentation requiring a very strong clinical acumen along with an aggressive multimodal approach. Histopathological confirmation remains the gold standard. The optimal management is unclear because of very few cases reported in literature.