Berberine Ursodeoxycholate for the Treatment of Type 2 Diabetes: A Randomized Clinical Trial.

Importance: Few of the available therapies for type 2 diabetes (T2D) comprehensively address disease burden beyond glycemic control. Examining whether berberine ursodeoxycholate (HTD1801), a first-in-class gut-liver anti-inflammatory metabolic modulator, has the potential to treat the core aspects of metabolic disease is important.

Objective: To assess the safety and efficacy of HTD1801 in patients with T2D that is inadequately controlled with diet and exercise.

Efficacy and safety of visepegenatide as an add-on therapy to metformin in patients with type 2 diabetes: a randomised, double-blind, parallel, placebo-controlled, phase 3 study.

Background: Visepegenatide, a once-weekly glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist injection, demonstrated effective glycaemic control and good tolerability without the requirement of dose titration in the two completed phase 2 studies. We aimed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of visepegenatide in Chinese patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) inadequately controlled by metformin monotherapy in this phase 3 clinical study.

Methods: This multicentre phase 3 clinical study included a 24-week, randomised, placebo-controlled, double-blind period followed by a 28-week open-label extended treatment period.

Metabolic outcomes in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus after metabolic management center.

The Chinese Medical Doctor Association has initiated metabolic management center (MMC) program for 6 years since 2016 nationwide. It is worth investigating the level of control metabolic outcomes in patients with type2 diabetes (T2DM) after MMC model in Yan'an, northwest China. Patients with T2DM was admitted to MMC in Yan'an University Affiliated Hospital from November 2018 to July 2021.

Effectiveness and safety of Bifidobacterium and berberine in human hyperglycemia and their regulatory effect on the gut microbiota: a multi-center, double-blind, randomized, parallel-controlled study.

Background: Berberine and Bifidobacterium have been reported to improve glucose tolerance in people with hyperglycemia or other metabolic disorders. This study aimed to assess the hypoglycemic effect and the regulation of the gut microbiota caused by berberine and Bifidobacterium and the possible additive benefits of their combination.

Methods: This was an 18-week, multi-center, randomized, double-blind, parallel-controlled study of patients newly diagnosed with hyperglycemia.

Associations between CD160 polymorphisms and autoimmune thyroid disease: a case-control study.

Background: Recent researches suggest that the CD160/HVEM/LIGHT/BTLA signaling pathway may contribute to the pathogeneses of autoimmune diseases, but the relationship between CD160 polymorphisms and autoimmune thyroid disease (AITD) has not been reported yet. This study aimed to evaluate the associations between CD160 polymorphisms and AITD.

Methods: A total of 1017 patients with AITD (634 Graves' disease and 383 Hashimoto's thyroiditis) and 856 unrelated healthy controls were recruited into our study.

Associations between NLRC4 Gene Polymorphisms and Autoimmune Thyroid Disease.

Background: Many studies have shown that NLRC4 inflammasome polymorphisms are associated with a variety of autoimmune diseases, but the associations between NLRC4 polymorphisms and autoimmune thyroid diseases (AITDs) are unclear. Our research was aimed at identifying the correlations between NLRC4 polymorphisms and AITDs.

Methods: Hi-SNP high-throughput genotyping technology was used for detecting four single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of NLRC4 in 1005 AITDs patients (including 629 Graves' disease and 376 Hashimoto's thyroiditis) and 781 healthy controls.

Aberrant Expressions of Co-stimulatory and Co-inhibitory Molecules in Autoimmune Diseases.

Co-signaling molecules include co-stimulatory and co-inhibitory molecules and play important roles in modulating immune responses. The roles of co-signaling molecules in autoimmune diseases have not been clearly defined. We assessed the expressions of co-stimulatory and co-inhibitory molecules in autoimmune diseases through a bioinformatics-based study.

Association of single-nucleotide polymorphisms in the IL27 gene with autoimmune thyroid diseases.

Background Accumulating data have shown that interleukin-27 (IL27) polymorphisms are linked to the susceptibility of some autoimmune diseases. We assessed whether there was an association between three single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of IL27 gene and autoimmune thyroid diseases (AITDs). Methods Three SNPs (rs153109, rs17855750 and rs181206) of IL27 gene were genotyped by Hi-SNP high-throughput genotyping in 843 patients with AITDs (516 Graves' disease (GD) and 327 Hashimoto's thyroiditis (HT)) and 677 healthy controls in Chinese Han population.

Effect of Levothyroxine on Blood Pressure in Patients With Subclinical Hypothyroidism: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Patients with subclinical hypothyroidism (SCH) have elevated blood pressure, but the effect of levothyroxine (LT4) therapy on blood pressure among those patients is still unclear. This study aimed to assess whether LT4 therapy could reduce blood pressure in SCH patients through a systematic review and meta-analysis. PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL), and Web of Science were searched.

Dose-response relationship between thyroid stimulating hormone and hypertension risk in euthyroid individuals.

Background: The adverse impact of thyroid dysfunction on cardiovascular system is well established, but the relationship between the level of thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) and the risk of hypertension in euthyroid individuals is still inconclusive.

Methods: We carried out a population-based, cross-sectional study to evaluate the relationship between TSH and hypertension risk in euthyroid individuals, and logistic regression analysis was utilized. In addition, a dose-response meta-analysis of relevant cohort or cross-sectional studies was carried out to further assess the impact of TSH on hypertension risk among euthyroid individuals.

Association between serum chemerin concentrations and clinical indices in obesity or metabolic syndrome: a meta-analysis.

Objective: Chemerin is a novel adipokine. Previous research has investigated the association between chemerin and clinical indices in patients with obesity or metabolic syndrome (MS), although the results obtained have been inconsistent. We conducted a meta-analysis to investigate the association between chemerin and clinical indicators of diabetes, MS and obesity with obesity or MS subjects.

Calcitonin is expressed in the submaxillary glands of rats.

Calcitonin is usually produced by the parafollicular cells of the thyroid. However in an immunohistochemistry experiment we observed that the cells of the serous acini of rat submaxillary gland tissue were stained positive with calcitonin antibodies. We further used immunocytochemistry and nucleic acid hybridization to localize the distribution of calcitonin protein and calcitonin mRNA respectively in cultivated cells of rat submaxillary glands.