Transcranial Infrared Laser Stimulation for the Treatment of Traumatic Brain Injury: A Case Series.

This study intended to evaluate the safety and possible therapeutic effect of transcranial infrared laser stimulation (TILS) based on photobiomodulation (PBM) among patients with traumatic brain injury (TBI). Eleven participants who were diagnosed with TBI after full neurological examination and MRI evaluation by a board-certified neurologist completed five to eight 20-minute TILS sessions using the Cytonsys CytonPro-5000 apparatus (pilot laser control, focused wavelength of 1064 nm, maximum output power of 10W, maximum optical power density of 500 mW/cm, effective area 4.5 cm in diameter).

Treatment of Dementia With Bosutinib: An Open-Label Study of a Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitor.

Objective: The pursuit of an effective therapeutic intervention for dementia has inspired interest in the class of medications known as tyrosine kinase inhibitors such as bosutinib.

Methods: Thirty-one patients with probable Alzheimer dementia or Parkinson spectrum disorder with dementia completed 12 months of bosutinib therapy and an additional 12 months of follow-up. The Clinical Dementia Rating scale (as estimated by the Quick Dementia Rating System [QDRS]) was the primary cognitive status outcome measure.

Translating state-of-the-art brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) techniques into clinical practice: multimodal MRI differentiates dementia subtypes in a traditional clinical setting.

Background: This study sought to validate the clinical utility of multimodal magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) techniques in the assessment of neurodegenerative disorders. We intended to demonstrate that advanced neuroimaging techniques commonly used in research can effectively be employed in clinical practice to accurately differentiate heathy aging and dementia subtypes.

Methods: Twenty patients with dementia of the Alzheimer's type (DAT) and 18 patients with Parkinson's disease dementia (PDD) were identified using gold-standard techniques.

Safety of focused ultrasound neuromodulation in humans with temporal lobe epilepsy.

Objective: Transcranial Focused Ultrasound (tFUS) is a promising new potential neuromodulation tool. However, the safety of tFUS neuromodulation has not yet been assessed adequately. Patients with refractory temporal lobe epilepsy electing to undergo an anterior temporal lobe resection present a unique opportunity to evaluate the safety and efficacy of tFUS neuromodulation.

Brain circuitry underlying the ABC model of anxiety.

Anxiety Disorders are prevalent and often chronic, recurrent conditions that reduce quality of life. The first-line treatments, such as serotonin reuptake inhibitors and cognitive behavioral therapy, leave a significant proportion of patients symptomatic. As psychiatry moves toward targeted circuit-based treatments, there is a need for a theory that unites the phenomenology of anxiety with its underlying neural circuits.

Pain referral patterns of the C1 to C3 nerves: implications for headache disorders.

The cervical nerves may play a significant role in primary headache disorders. We reviewed the patterns of pain evoked by stimulation of the first 3 cervical nerves (C1-C3) in 10 patients with chronic occipital pain, 6 of whom also had migraine. Stimulation at the C1 level evoked periorbital and frontal pain in 6 of 6 patients with migraine but evoked occipital or cervical pain in those without migraine.

Combining ultrasonography and electromyography for botulinum chemodenervation treatment of thoracic outlet syndrome: comparison with fluoroscopy and electromyography guidance.

Background: Botulinum chemodenervation has been increasingly used for treating conditions characterized by muscular pain and dystonia. Complication rates commonly exceed 10 percent in published accounts due to an inadvertent spread of toxin. Various techniques of precision targeting have been described to minimize undesirable toxin effects.

Differentiation of thoracic outlet syndrome from treatment-resistant cervical brachial pain syndromes: development and utilization of a questionnaire, clinical examination and ultrasound evaluation.

Objective: The present study was undertaken to determine which factors differentiate patients with a good outcome after treatment for Thoracic Outlet Syndrome (TOS) from patients with a poor outcome.

Methods: A total of 85 patients, who were examined during one year, had at least 6 months of follow up after treatment for TOS with either surgery or botulinum chemodenervation.

Results: Socioeconomic factors of work disability or workers' compensation claims did not differentiate treatment-responsive TOS from treatment-resistant cases.