Unexpected Outcomes: Late Fat Hypertrophy and Obstructive Sleep Apnea Following Fat Grafting to the Posterior Pharynx for Velopharyngeal Insufficiency.

Autologous fat grafting for posterior pharyngeal wall augmentation has been described as a safe and effective treatment option for a subset of patients with mild to moderate velopharyngeal insufficiency (VPI). Reported complications including hyponasality and obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) are exceedingly rare. We describe the development of severe fat graft hypertrophy and subsequent OSA in a series of 3 patients several years after undergoing autologous fat grafting for VPI.

Pain hypersensitivity, sensorimotor impairment, and decreased muscle force in a novel rat model of radiation-induced peripheral neuropathy.

Introduction: Radiation-induced peripheral neuropathy is a rare, but serious complication often resulting in profound morbidity, life-long disability, and chronic debilitating pain. Unfortunately, this type of peripheral neuropathy is usually progressive, and almost always irreversible. To date, a standardized rat model of radiation-induced peripheral neuropathy has not been established.

Sexually Dimorphic Pattern of Pain Mitigation Following Prophylactic Regenerative Peripheral Nerve Interface (RPNI) in a Rat Neuroma Model.

Background: Treating neuroma pain is a clinical challenge. Identification of sex-specific nociceptive pathways allows a more individualized pain management. The Regenerative Peripheral Nerve Interface (RPNI) consists of a neurotized autologous free muscle using a severed peripheral nerve to provide physiological targets for the regenerating axons.

Pathophysiological and Neuroplastic Changes in Postamputation and Neuropathic Pain: Review of the Literature.

Unlabelled: Despite advancements in surgical and rehabilitation strategies, extremity amputations are frequently associated with disability, phantom limb sensations, and chronic pain. Investigation into potential treatment modalities has focused on the pathophysiological changes in both the peripheral and central nervous systems to better understand the underlying mechanism in the development of chronic pain in persons with amputations.

Methods: Presented in this article is a discussion outlining the physiological changes that occur in the peripheral and central nervous systems following amputation.

The Muscle Cuff Regenerative Peripheral Nerve Interface for the Amplification of Intact Peripheral Nerve Signals.

Robotic exoskeletons have gained recent acclaim within the field of rehabilitative medicine as a promising modality for functional restoration for those individuals with extremity weakness. However, their use remains largely confined to research institutions, frequently operating as a means of static extremity support as motor detection methods remain unreliable. Peripheral nerve interfaces have arisen as a potential solution to this shortcoming; however, due to their inherently small amplitudes, these signals can be difficult to differentiate from background noise, lowering their overall motor detection accuracy.

Gender Affirming Mastectomy Improves Quality of Life in Transmasculine Patients: A Single-center Prospective Study.

Objective: To determine the impact of gender-affirming mastectomy on depression, anxiety, and body image.

Background: There are many cross-sectional and ad-hoc studies demonstrating the benefits of gender-affirming surgery. There are few prospective investigations of patient-reported outcomes in gender-affirming surgery using validated instruments.

Physiologic signaling and viability of the muscle cuff regenerative peripheral nerve interface (MC-RPNI) for intact peripheral nerves.

. Robotic exoskeleton devices have become a promising modality for restoration of extremity function in individuals with limb loss or functional weakness. However, there exists no consistent or reliable way to record efferent motor action potentials from intact peripheral nerves to control device movement.

Autologous fat grafting for nerve regeneration and neuropathic pain: current state from bench-to-bedside.

Despite recent advances in microsurgical techniques, functional recovery following peripheral nerve injury remains slow and inadequate. Poor peripheral nerve regeneration not only leaves patients with significant impairments, but also commonly leads to the development of debilitating neuropathic pain. Recent research has demonstrated the potential therapeutic benefits of adipose-derived stem cells, to enhance nerve regeneration.

Fabrication of the Composite Regenerative Peripheral Nerve Interface (C-RPNI) in the Adult Rat.

Recent advances in neuroprosthetics have enabled those living with extremity loss to reproduce many functions native to the absent extremity, and this is often accomplished through integration with the peripheral nervous system. Unfortunately, methods currently employed are often associated with significant tissue damage which prevents prolonged use. Additionally, these devices often lack any meaningful degree of sensory feedback as their complex construction dampens any vibrations or other sensations a user may have previously depended on when using more simple prosthetics.

Design and manufacture of combinatorial calcium phosphate bone scaffolds.

It is well known that pore design is an important determinant of both the quantity and distribution of regenerated bone in artificial bone tissue scaffolds. A requisite feature is that scaffolds must contain pore interconnections on the order of 100-1000 μm (termed macroporosity). Within this range, there is not a definitive optimal interconnection size.