Trends analysis and future study of the pharmaceutical industry field: a scoping review.

Objective: The main aim of this study was to explore and understand the emerging developments, changes, and patterns shaping the future of the pharmaceutical industry. The pharmaceutical industry is evolving rapidly due to scientific breakthroughs, societal changes, and technological advancements. Companies can adapt, and innovate to stay competitive and advance healthcare objectives by understanding the changes and patterns shaping the future.

Allele frequency of genetic variations related to the gene-drug pair in a group of Iranian population.

Objectives: The efficacy and safety of drug treatments vary widely due to genetic variations. Pharmacogenomics investigates the impact of genetic variations on patient drug response. This research investigates the frequency of genetic variations in the Iranian population, comparing them with global data to provide insights into the pharmacogenomic approach in the Iranian population.

Psychometric validation of the Persian version of the CarerQol-7D instrument on caregivers of patients with multiple sclerosis.

Providing informal care can deeply influence, both physically and emotionally, the quality of life (QoL) of caregivers, especially when the disease becomes chronic. CarerQol-7D is one of the most common instruments for measuring informal care. We aimed to develop a Persian version of the CarerQol-7D in the context of Iranian caregivers of patients with multiple sclerosis (MS).

Pharmacogenetic DPYD allele variant frequencies: A comprehensive analysis across an ancestrally diverse Iranian population.

Background: Cancer treatment has improved over the past decades, but many cancer patients still experience adverse drug reactions (ADRs). Pharmacogenomics (PGx), known as personalized treatment, is a pillar of precision medicine that aims to optimize the efficacy and safety of medications by studying the germline variations. Germline variations in the DPYD lead to significant ADRs.

Emerging therapies for opioid-induced constipation: what can we expect?

Introduction: The rise in opioid use for managing chronic and oncologic pain has led to a significant increase in opioid-induced constipation (OIC) that impacts patient quality of life and pain management.

Areas Covered: In this study, emerging therapies for OIC were criticized for refining advancements and novel treatment options. Key topics included the efficacy of peripherally acting mu-opioid receptor antagonists (PAMORAs) such as methylnaltrexone, naloxegol, and naldemedine, which specifically target opioid-induced gut dysfunction.

Cost-Effectiveness Analysis of Pharmacogenomics-Guided Versus Standard Dosing of Warfarin in Patients with Mechanical Prosthetic Heart Valve.

Background: Warfarin is the only approved anticoagulant for antithrombotic treatment in patients with mechanical prosthetic heart valves (MPHV). However, dosing warfarin is challenging due to its narrow therapeutic window and highly variable clinical outcomes. Both low and high doses of warfarin can lead to thrombotic and bleeding events, respectively, with these complications being more severe in individuals with sensitive genetic polymorphisms.

Pharmacokinetic considerations for drugs that treat diarrhea-predominant irritable bowel syndrome: what's new?

Introduction: Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), which presents a significant healthcare and socioeconomic burden, is one of the main issues in the field of therapy. Hence, it is imperative to tackle this matter by evaluating the safety and efficacy of the available treatments and determining the ideal approach for each patient.

Areas Covered: We reviewed the pharmacokinetics and safety of pharmacologic interventions administered in diarrhea-predominant IBS (IBS-D) patients.

Drugs of the future for diarrhea-predominant irritable bowel syndrome: an overview of current investigational drugs.

Introduction: Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) has a significant impact on society and quality of life. Current treatments are ineffective, and new investigational drugs are necessary.

Areas Covered: Numerous potential therapies are developing, targeting different areas such as cannabinoid signaling, opioid receptors, tachykinin (NK2) receptors, β3-adrenergic receptors, intestinal microbiota, inflammation, and 5HT receptors.

Advancements in pharmacotherapy options for treating diabetes ‎in children and adolescents.

Introduction: This study compares diabetes management between pediatric and adult patients and identifies treatment challenges and gaps.

Areas Covered: We searched PubMed and Clinicaltrails.gov databases for studies published from 2001 to 2023 on diabetes management in different age groups.

Choosing the Best Instrument for Measuring Health Spillover Effect in Caregivers of Patients With Multiple Sclerosis.

Objectives: To measure the health spillover effect in caregivers of patients with multiple sclerosis (MS), we aimed to select the best instrument from 2 common health-related quality of life (QoL) instruments, the 3-level EQ-5D (EQ-5D-3L) and the Health Utilities Index Mark 3 (HUI-3), by assessing them.

Methods: Using consecutive sampling, 452 primary caregivers of patients with MS were asked to fill out a Care-related QoL instrument (CarerQol-7D), EQ-5D-3L, HUI-3, and the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale between October 2019 and May 2020. Convergent and clinical validity were assessed to measure spillover effect in caregivers of patients with MS.

A cost-effectiveness analysis of linagliptin add-on to insulin treatment for patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and chronic kidney disease in Iran.

Purpose: With the high prevalence of chronic kidney disease (CKD) in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), determining optimal treatment strategies has become a major concern. Linagliptin is aDPP-4 inhibitor that does not require dose adjustment in patients with renal impairment. This study evaluates the cost-effectiveness of adding linagliptin to insulin therapy in patients with T2DM and mild (stage 2) or moderate (stage 3) CKD from a health system perspective in Iran.

Towards greater impact in health technology assessment: System dynamic approach for new and emerging technologies in Iran.

Purpose: As classical health technology assessment models fail to predict the complexities of related impacts, the application of modeling techniques such as systems dynamics simulation (SD) is essential. This study aimed to develop an SD model to predict the outcomes of access to a new medicine in Iran.

Methods: This study extracted the important and influential variables in providing access to new pharmaceutical technologies by comprehensively reviewing previous research and combining the technical knowledge of experts in this field.

Common gastrointestinal drug-drug interactions in geriatrics and the importance of careful planning.

Introduction: Polypharmacy, which uses multiple medications to treat chronic illnesses, is common among elderly patients. However, it can lead to drug interactions, especially with gastrointestinal (GI) medicines that are extensively used. These drug interactions can have severe consequences and pose a significant challenge to healthcare providers.

Cost-effectiveness and budget impact analysis of lisdexamfetamine versus methylphenidate for patients under 18 with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder in Iran.

Background: Lisdexamfetamine (LDX) and Methylphenidate (MPH) are stimulant agents that have been shown to provide significant benefits in the management of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in patients.

Aim: This study aimed to assess the cost-effectiveness and the budget impact of LDX compared to MPH as the first-line treatment for ADHD.

Methods: A one-year cost-effectiveness analysis (CEA) was conducted to compare the effects of LDX and MPH in reducing disease symptoms and patient costs and improving quality of life (QoL) from a social perspective.

Pharmacotherapy for gastric and intestinal cramping pain: ‎ current and emerging therapies.

Introduction: Acute gastrointestinal cramping pain (GICP) is a debilitating condition that affects many people worldwide, significantly reducing their quality of life. As such, prompt treatment is crucial.

Areas Covered: This article will explore relevant literature from databases such as PubMed, Scopus, Google Scholar, Cochrane Library, and Web of Science.

Cost-Effectiveness Comparison between Ticagrelor and Clopidogrel in Acute Coronary Syndrome in Iran.

Background: The present study aimed to determine the cost-effectiveness of ticagrelor compared with clopidogrel in Iranian patients with acute coronary syndrome (ACS).

Methods: A 1-year decision tree model combined with a 20-year Markov transition model was used to simulate the long-term cost and effectiveness of both ticagrelor and clopidogrel in Iran based on an Iranian payer's perspective. Clinical efficacy data were extracted from the PLATO trial and other published studies.

An updated systematic review and dose-response meta-analysis on the relation between exposure to arsenic and risk of type 2 diabetes.

Arsenic is among the most critical environmental toxicants associated with many human disorders. However, its effect on type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is contradictory. This systematic review and dose-response meta-analysis aim to update information on the association between arsenic exposure and the risk of T2DM.

Upfront DPYD Genotype-Guided Treatment for Fluoropyrimidine-Based Chemotherapy in Advanced and Metastatic Colorectal Cancer: A Cost-Effectiveness Analysis.

Objectives: Fluoropyrimidines are the most widely used chemotherapy drugs for advanced and metastatic colorectal cancer (CRC). Individuals with certain DPYD gene variants are exposed to an increased risk of severe fluoropyrimidine-related toxicities. This study aimed to evaluate the cost-effectiveness of preemptive DPYD genotyping to guide fluoropyrimidine therapy in patients with advanced or metastatic CRC.

Pharmacoeconomic evaluation of insulin aspart and glargine in type 1 and 2 diabetes mellitus in Iran.

Purpose: The higher costs of insulin analogs including short-acting insulin aspart (IAsp) and long-acting insulin glargine (IGla) have restricted their widespread uptake despite having improved pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic properties and patient convenience. This study aims to evaluate the cost-effectiveness of IAsp versus Regular Insulin (RI) and IGla versus NPH Insulin in type 1 and 2 diabetes from the perspective of the Iranian healthcare system.

Methods: Clinical data including HbA1c levels, hypoglycemia, weight gain, and health-related quality of life were derived from the included systematic review and meta-analysis studies.

How do patients value features of biological medicine in rheumatoid arthritis? A discrete choice experiment.

Background: The aim of this study was to quantify the preference of the patients regarding biological DMARDs.

Research Design And Methods: Patients' preferences were assessed using a discrete choice experiment. Eighteen different surveys describing eight attributes were designed using experimental design methods.

An update on the use of pharmacotherapy for opioid-induced bowel dysfunction.

Introduction: With the growing rate of aging and the incidence of chronic diseases, there has been an upsurge in opioid prescription and abuse worldwide. This has been associated with increased reports of opioid-related adverse events, particularly opioid-induced bowel dysfunction (OIBD), calling for a rational clinical management strategy.

Areas Covered: Through searching PubMed, Scopus, Cochrane Library, and Web of Science, English literature was gathered as of 1 January 2017.

Therapeutic effects of dietary antioxidative supplements on the management of type 2 diabetes and its complications; umbrella review of observational/trials meta-analysis studies.

Background: Controversial data on the effects of vitamins (V) and nutrients on the management of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is available. Thus, it is aimed to clarify the role of vitamins and nutrients through an umbrella review regarding the available observational/ trials meta-analyses.

Methods: All meta-analyses of observational and clinical trials conducted on the impact of vitamins and nutrients in T2DM published until 5 June 2021 in PubMed or Web of Sciences were included in this review.

Evaluation of COVID-19 Treatments in Iran in Comparison with Local Therapeutic Recommendations: A Population-Level Study on Utilization and Costs of Prescription Drugs.

Objective: In this study, we assess population-level data of COVID-19 treatments in Iran compared to Ministry of Health (MOH)-published guidelines to gain a better insight into the quality of care for this disease.

Methods: National sales data of each recommended and nonrecommended COVID-19 medicine were used to proxy utilization between March 21, 2020, and March 21, 2021, or Iranian year 1399. COVID-19-attributed sales volume and number of patients were estimated by adjusting sales data with pre-COVID-19 average growth rate, recommended dose, and duration of treatment.

A scoping review on patient heterogeneity in economic evaluations of precision medicine based on basket trials.

Introduction: Considerable challenges in the economic evaluation of precision medicines have been mentioned in previous studies. However, they have not addressed how an economic assessment would be conducted based on basket trials (novel studies for evaluation of precision medicine effects) in which the included populations have specific biomarkers and various cancers. Since basket trial populations have remarkable heterogeneity, this study aims to investigate the concept of heterogeneity and specific method(s) for considering it in economic evaluations through guidelines and studies that could be applicable in economic evaluation based on basket trials.