The comparison of hot and cold executive functions in patients with bipolar II disorder, borderline personality disorder, and healthy individuals.

Background: Differential diagnosis of bipolar II disorder (BD-II) and borderline personality disorder (BPD) has always been challenging for clinicians due to symptoms' overlap. This study aimed to compare hot and cold executive functions (EFs) in BD-II patients, as well as BPD and healthy controls (HCs), in order to differentiate these two disorders.

Methods: In the present study, 30 BD-II and 30 BPD patients undergoing the drug therapy with mood stabilizers, and 30 HC were examined using EFs evaluated tests.

Empathy, compassion fatigue, guilt and secondary traumatic stress in nurses.

Background: Nurses are often faced with many stressful situations in life, including personal life challenges, the nature of work that requires standing long and being focused, commitment to patient care, and dealing with patients who need help.

Research Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between empathy and compassion fatigue in nurses due to the mediating role of feeling guilty and secondary traumatic stress.

Research Design: This is a descriptive-correlation study.