Evaluation of Body Composition in Paediatric Osteogenesis Imperfecta.

Osteogenesis Imperfecta (OI) is a skeletal disorder characterised by a predisposition to recurrent fractures and bone deformities. Clinically OI is defined by features such as short stature, however, less is known regarding body composition. Assess body composition, both lean mass and fat mass, in a paediatric OI population.

Skeletal Fragility and Its Clinical Determinants in Children With Type 1 Diabetes.

Context: Type 1 diabetes (T1D) is associated with an increased fracture risk at all ages.

Objective: To understand the determinants of bone health and fractures in children with T1D.

Design: Case-control study of children with T1D on bone-turnover markers, dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry, and 3 Tesla-MRI of the proximal tibia to assess bone microarchitecture and vertebral marrow adiposity compared with age- and sex-matched healthy children.

Skeletal disproportion in glucocorticoid-treated boys with Duchenne muscular dystrophy.

We aimed to compare body segment and bone lengths in glucocorticoid-treated boys with Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) with healthy controls using dual-energy absorptiometry (DXA) images. Total height (Ht), sitting height (SH), leg length (LL) and bone lengths (femur, tibia) in boys with DMD and age-matched control boys were measured using DXA. Thirty boys with DMD (median age 10.

Growth hormone prescribing patterns in the UK, 2013-2016.

Introduction: Prescribing of recombinant human growth hormone (rhGH) for growth failure in UK children is based on guidance from the National Institute for Health and Care Excellence. In 2013, the British Society for Paediatric Endocrinology and Diabetes initiated a national audit of newly prescribed rhGH treatment for children and adolescents. In this review, we have examined prescribing practices between 2013 and 2016.

Effects of Recombinant Human Growth Hormone in Children with Crohn's Disease on the Muscle-Bone Unit: A Preliminary Study.

Background/aims: There is limited information on the impact of recombinant human growth hormone (rhGH) on the muscle-bone unit in children with Crohn's disease (CD). In this pilot study, we report on the effects of rhGH on bone formation, dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) total body (TB) bone mineral density adjusted for height and lumbar spine (LS) bone mineral apparent density (BMAD), and body composition.

Methods: Prospective study of 8 children with CD (6 male), aged 14.

Persistence of Muscle-bone Deficits Following Anti-tumour Necrosis Factor Therapy in Adolescents With Crohn Disease.

Objectives: The aim of the study is to assess change in the muscle-bone unit in adolescents with Crohn disease (CD) on anti-tumour necrosis factor (anti-TNFα).

Methods: Prospective study following anti-TNFα in 19 adolescents with CD with a median age (range) of 15.1 years (11.

Longitudinal changes in bone parameters in young girls with anorexia nervosa.

Background: Anorexia nervosa (AN) during childhood and adolescence has been reported to adversely affect bone health, but few studies have investigated longitudinal changes.

Method: DXA-derived bone parameters and body composition were retrospectively assessed in 111 young girls with AN with a median age of 15.4 years (10.

A retrospective analysis of longitudinal changes in bone mineral content in cystic fibrosis.

Background: We aimed to describe the longitudinal changes in bone mineral content and influencing factors, in children with cystic fibrosis (CF).

Methods: One hundred children (50 females) had dual X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) performed. Of these, 48 and 24 children had two to three scans, respectively over 10 years of follow-up.

Prevalence of Vertebral Fractures in Children with Suspected Osteoporosis.

Objectives: To explore the prevalence and anatomic distribution of vertebral fractures in disease groups investigated for primary and secondary osteoporosis, using vertebral fracture assessment (VFA).

Study Design: VFA was performed independently by 2 nonradiologists, in 165 children (77 males, 88 females) as part of their investigation for osteoporosis. Vertebral bodies from T6 to L4 were assessed for vertebral fractures using the Genant scoring system.

An Unbalanced Rearrangement of Chromosomes 4:20 is Associated with Childhood Osteoporosis and Reduced Caspase-3 Levels.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the association of a chromosome 4:20 imbalance with osteoporosis in three related children. Bone biochemistry, bone turnover markers, and dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) scanning were performed in all three cases and bone biopsy and histomorphometry in one. The chromosome imbalance was delineated by array comparative genomic hybridization (aCGH) and analyzed for candidate genes.

A critical appraisal of vertebral fracture assessment in paediatrics.

Purpose: There is a need to improve our understanding of the clinical utility of vertebral fracture assessment (VFA) in paediatrics and this requires a thorough evaluation of its readability, reproducibility, and accuracy for identifying VF.

Methods: VFA was performed independently by two observers, in 165 children and adolescents with a median age of 13.4 years (range, 3.

Group and individual agreement between field and dual X-ray absorptiometry-based body composition techniques in children from standard schools and a sports academy.

Percentage fat (%FM) and fat-free mass (FFM) were measured in 37 children from a sports academy and in 71 children from standard schools with dual x-ray absorptiometry (DXA) and bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) using the manufacturer's equation (Tanita) and an ethnic-specific prediction equation (Haroun). In the standard school, BIA overestimated FFM and underestimated %FM by a mean of 2.5 kg and 5.

Activity, body composition and bone health in children.

Objective: To examine relationships among daily activity levels, body composition and bone outcomes in children aged 6.7 years who were born at term with birth weights <20th centile.

Methods: Activity data collected using accelerometers were correlated with body composition and bone outcome z-scores from dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry in 36 children.