Gastro-oesophageal reflux: rare presentation of Sotos syndrome in a neonate.

Sotos syndrome is a disorder characterised by distinctive facial features, excessive growth during childhood and intellectual disability. While these criteria apply to children and adults, they fall short when applied to neonates. Hyperbilirubinaemia, large for gestational age, hypotonia and seizures, along with cardiac and renal anomalies, are known to be common presentations in neonates.

Neonatal perforated appendicitis: a presentation of necrotising enterocolitis?

In this case report, we present a late preterm growth-restricted neonate who developed signs of feeding intolerance on the second day of life, which progressed to frank peritonitis with perforation by the end of the second week of life. As necrotising enterocolitis was considered the most likely diagnosis, a glove drain was placed in the flanks. The neonate did not improve, and surgical exploration was done after medical stabilisation.

Neurosurgical Outcomes, Protocols, and Resource Management During Lockdown: Early Institutional Experience from One of the World's Largest COVID 19 Hotspots.

Background: As the COVID-19 pandemic surpasses 1 year, it is prudent to reflect on the challenges faced and the management strategies employed to tackle this overwhelming health care crisis. We undertook this study to validate our institutional protocols, which were formulated to cater to the change in volume and pattern of neurosurgical cases during the raging pandemic.

Methods: All admitted patients scheduled to undergo major neurosurgical intervention during the lockdown period (15 March 2020 to 15 September 2020) were included in the study.

Prevalence of Asymptomatic Microalbuminuria in HIV Positive Children in India.

Objective: To study the prevalence of covert or early renal involvement among human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) positive children.

Methods: A cross-sectional observational study was carried out on 250 HIV positive children (2-18 y) on follow-up in a tertiary care hospital from January 2014 through June 2015. Those who met the study criteria were evaluated for microalbuminuria and glomerular and tubular dysfunctions.

Bedside Infant Manikins for Teaching Newborn Examination to Medical Undergraduates.

Objective: To study whether using infant manikins during clinical posting could help in teaching newborn examination to undergraduate medical students.

Methods: 111 final MBBS students were taught newborn examination either by the new method which included practice on infant manikins at the bedside before examining babies (Group 1) or by the traditional method which involved directly examining babies (Group 2). They were tested the next day by validated OSCE stations on important aspects of the newborn examination.

Behavioral response to pain in drowsy and sleeping neonates: a randomized control study.

In a randomized controlled design, 100 healthy, term neonates in the first week of life, undergoing heel prick for routine screening were randomized to receive a heel prick in either the drowsy/sleeping state or the awake (but not fussy or crying) state. 48 babies in sleeping or drowsy states and 47 in the awake states were analyzed. Infants in the drowsy/sleeping states scored significantly lower on the Neonatal Infant Pain Score (NIPS) (median score 5) at 30 seconds post stimulus compared with infants in higher states of alertness (median score 6).