Important Factors for Retrograde Nailing Through Total Knee Arthroplasty: A Cadaveric Study.

Objectives: Evaluate how total knee arthroplasty (TKA) implant design, femoral component size, and preoperative knee range of motion affect retrograde femoral nailing.

Methods: Cadaveric specimens were prepared for TKA with a single radius (SR) or medial pivot (MP) design and tested with cruciate retaining (CR), cruciate substituting (CS), and posterior stabilizing (PS) 9-mm liners. Knee extension identified the minimum flexion required to pass an opening reamer without impinging on TKA components.

Impaired capillary-to-arteriolar electrical signaling after traumatic brain injury.

Traumatic brain injury (TBI) acutely impairs dynamic regulation of local cerebral blood flow, but long-term (>72 h) effects on functional hyperemia are unknown. Functional hyperemia depends on capillary endothelial cell inward rectifier potassium channels (Kir2.1) responding to potassium (K) released during neuronal activity to produce a regenerative, hyperpolarizing electrical signal that propagates from capillaries to dilate upstream penetrating arterioles.

Predictors of Outcome of Acute Partial Hospitalization: An Exploratory Study.

To identify predictors of outcome of acute partial hospital (PH) treatment, patients admitted during a 15-month period were studied. Outcomes were change in the Behavior and Symptom Identification Scale and readmission within 30 days. Predictors were clinical and demographic variables obtained on all patients.

Traumatic brain injury impairs sensorimotor function in mice.

Introduction: Understanding the extent to which murine models of traumatic brain injury (TBI) replicate clinically relevant neurologic outcomes is critical for mechanistic and therapeutic studies. We determined sensorimotor outcomes in a mouse model of TBI and validated the use of a standardized neurologic examination scoring system to quantify the extent of injury.

Materials And Methods: We used a lateral fluid percussion injury model of TBI and compared TBI animals to those that underwent sham surgery.

Weight Loss Decreases Inherent and Allergic Methacholine Hyperresponsiveness in Mouse Models of Diet-Induced Obese Asthma.

Obese asthma presents with inherent hyperresponsiveness to methacholine or augmented allergen-driven allergic asthma, with an even greater magnitude of methacholine hyperresponsiveness. These physiologic parameters and accompanying obese asthma symptoms can be reduced by successful weight loss, yet the underlying mechanisms remain incompletely understood. We implemented mouse models of diet-induced obesity, dietary and surgical weight loss, and environmental allergen exposure to examine the mechanisms and mediators of inherent and allergic obese asthma.

Actinic keratoses, actinic field change and associations with squamous cell carcinoma in renal transplant recipients in Manchester, UK.

While actinic keratoses (AKs) have a known association with cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (SCC), the relation of actinic field change to SCC has not been quantified. This study investigated the presence of field change and AKs in renal transplant recipients (RTRs) and estimated SCC risk. In May 2010 to October 2011, a dermatologist examined 452 white RTRs (mean age 53 years) at two hospitals in Manchester, UK, counting AKs and recording field change presence by body site and SCCs arising during the study period.

Subarachnoid Hemorrhage Induces Gliosis and Increased Expression of the Pro-inflammatory Cytokine High Mobility Group Box 1 Protein.

Subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) following cerebral aneurysm rupture is associated with high rates of morbidity and mortality. Surviving SAH patients often suffer from neurological impairment, yet little is currently known regarding the influence of subarachnoid blood on brain parenchyma. The objective of the present study was to examine the impact of subarachnoid blood on glial cells using a rabbit SAH model.

Multidisciplinary insights into optimizing adherence after solid organ transplantation.

Background: Nonadherence to medical treatment in transplant recipients is a major risk factor for graft rejection episodes, and it has significant financial implications. Despite its importance, there is a lack of common understanding across the disciplines involved of the key issues driving nonadherence.

Methods: A qualitative study, comprising a multidisciplinary workshop, followed by a consultation exercise to validate its outcomes, was initiated to gain further insight into nonadherence behavior and to identify priorities for optimizing adherence to posttransplantation regimens.

A novel model of blunt thoracic aortic injury: a mechanism confirmed?

Background: There is no consensus on the mechanism of traumatic injury to the thoracic aorta and no reproducible animal model. Advances in injury scene analysis suggest that lateral and oblique force vectors cause aortic injury. We hypothesized that the spectrum of aortic injury could be reproduced in an animal model by application of an obliquely directed load to the pressurized aorta.

Emergence of a R-type Ca2+ channel (CaV 2.3) contributes to cerebral artery constriction after subarachnoid hemorrhage.

Cerebral aneurysm rupture and subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) inflict disability and death on thousands of individuals each year. In addition to vasospasm in large diameter arteries, enhanced constriction of resistance arteries within the cerebral vasculature may contribute to decreased cerebral blood flow and the development of delayed neurological deficits after SAH. In this study, we provide novel evidence that SAH leads to enhanced Ca2+ entry in myocytes of small diameter cerebral arteries through the emergence of R-type voltage-dependent Ca2+ channels (VDCCs) encoded by the gene CaV 2.

Enhanced myogenic tone in cerebral arteries from a rabbit model of subarachnoid hemorrhage.

Cerebral artery vasospasm is a major cause of death and disability in patients experiencing subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH). Currently, little is known regarding the impact of SAH on small diameter (100-200 microm) cerebral arteries, which play an important role in the autoregulation of cerebral blood flow. With the use of a rabbit SAH model and in vitro video microscopy, cerebral artery diameter was measured in response to elevations in intravascular pressure.

Multiple head injuries in rats: effects on behavior.

Background: Evidence suggests that mild head injuries in humans can result in cumulative damage. No investigation to date has considered the effects of multiple subacute mild head injuries in an animal model.

Methods: Forty-one male Long-Evans hooded rats were trained in a Morris water maze.