Cerebral oximetry with cerebral blood volume index in detecting pediatric stroke in a pediatric ED.

Background: Despite pediatric stroke awareness and pediatric stroke activation systems, recognition and imaging delays along with activation inconsistency still occur. Reliable objective pediatric stroke detection tools are needed to improve detection and activations. Regional cerebral oxygen saturation (rcso2) with cerebral blood volume index (CBVI) can detect abnormal cerebral physiology.

Intravenous hypertonic saline use in the pediatric emergency department.

Objectives: The objective of this study was to describe the use, dosing, and administration of intravenous hypertonic saline (IHS) use in a pediatric emergency department.

Methods: This was a retrospective chart review of patients 0 to 18 years receiving IHS as part of their management in a pediatric ED with an annual volume of more than 50,000 visits.

Results: Over 4 years, 56 patients received IHS as part of their management in the emergency department.

Dexmedetomidine sedation: uses in pediatric procedural sedation outside the operating room.

As the field of pediatric procedural sedation continues to expand, so does the exploration of medications that have a role in such invasive and noninvasive procedures. One such medication that has emerged during the last decade is dexmedetomidine, a drug approved for use in the adult intensive care setting. Its role in pediatrics has varied in its use from sedation in ventilated children in the intensive care unit to treatment for emergence reactions from general anesthesia and in sedation needed for radiographic imaging studies, electroencephalography, and invasive procedures.

Ruptured appendicitis presenting as acute scrotal swelling in a 23-month-old toddler.

Background: Acute appendicitis is a common disease process in which timely diagnosis minimizes the risk of complications.

Objectives: This case illustrates one example of the range of clinical presentations of young children with acute appendicitis.

Case Report: We describe a case in a young child presenting with an inguinal and scrotal mass that was ultimately due to perforated appendicitis with abscess formation.