Antineoplastic therapy in childhood cancer patients presents a negative impact in the periodontal tissues: a cohort study.

Objectives: To investigate the effect of antineoplastic therapy (AT) in the periodontal tissues of childhood cancer (CC) patients.

Materials And Methods: Seventy-two individuals were divided into CC (n=36) and healthy individuals (control group-CG, n=36). Demographics, hygiene habits, CC type, and AT were collected.

Routine laboratory biomarkers used to predict Gram-positive or Gram-negative bacteria involved in bloodstream infections.

This study evaluated routine laboratory biomarkers (RLB) to predict the infectious bacterial group, Gram-positive (GP) or Gram-negative (GN) associated with bloodstream infection (BSI) before the result of blood culture (BC). A total of 13,574 BC of 6787 patients (217 BSI-GP and 238 BSI-GN) and 68 different RLB from these were analyzed. The logistic regression model was built considering BSI-GP or BSI-GN as response variable and RLB as covariates.

Evaluation of phenotypic methods for detection of polymyxin B-resistant bacteria.

Determination of sensitivity to polymyxins has always been a challenge, especially in clinical laboratory routines. This study evaluated two rapid, simple, and inexpensive phenotypic methods to test polymyxin B (PMB) susceptibility in Enterobacterales and non-fermenting Gram-negative bacilli. One hundred isolates were used in the tests.

Pharmacodynamic evaluation of suppression of in vitro resistance in Acinetobacter baumannii strains using polymyxin B-based combination therapy.

The emergence of polymyxin resistance in Gram-negative bacteria infections has motivated the use of combination therapy. This study determined the mutant selection window (MSW) of polymyxin B alone and in combination with meropenem and fosfomycin against A. baumannii strains belonging to clonal lineages I and III.

First report of oxacillin-susceptible mecA-positive Staphylococcus aureus in healthy dogs and their owners in southern Brazil.

Oxacillin-susceptible mecA-positive Staphylococcus aureus (OS-MRSA) isolates have been described worldwide, but data regarding dogs and their owners have not been reported. This study investigated the occurrence of OS-MRSA and MRSA isolates in the nasal mucosa of 241 healthy dogs and 208 owners in the community. S.

Consecutive outbreaks of Burkholderia cepacia complex caused by intrinsically contaminated chlorhexidine mouthwashes.

Background: We report 2 consecutive outbreaks of the Burkholderia cepacia complex (Bcc) in an intensive care unit (ICU) and describe its characteristics and consequences.

Methods: Over a 72-day period, a multidisciplinary ICU team detected 2 distinct periods of high and unusual incidence of Bcc isolates that were recovered from cultures of endotracheal aspirate. Cultures of tap water, ultrasound gel and mouthwash (opened and unopened bottles) were performed.

Pharmacodynamic Effects of Sulbactam/Meropenem/Polymyxin-B Combination Against Extremely Drug Resistant Using Checkerboard Information.

The aims of the study are to evaluate the activity of sulbactam, meropenem, and polymyxin B alone and in combination against six isolates of extremely drug resistant and to determine dosing regimens that achieve a sufficient joint probability of target attainment (PTA) based on combination antimicrobial pharmacodynamics. The combinations were evaluated by the checkerboard method and were considered synergistic when the fractional inhibitory concentration index (FICI) ≤0.5.

Pharmacodynamic Attainment of the Synergism of Meropenem and Fosfomycin Combination against Pseudomonas aeruginosa Producing Metallo-β-Lactamase.

Fosfomycin combined with other antimicrobials has shown good efficacy against multidrug-resistant (MDR) bacteria in both and clinical studies; however, the activity of fosfomycin combined with other antimicrobials against metallo-β-lactamase (MBL)-producing strains has not been tested. The objective of this study was to determine the synergism and optimal intravenous dosing regimens of fosfomycin with meropenem against MDR and MBL-producing strains. The MICs of both antimicrobials were determined by the checkerboard method and analyzed by two synergism tests with 19 clones of isolates, 10 of which were MBL producers.

Synergistic activity of polymyxin B combined with vancomycin against carbapenem-resistant and polymyxin-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii: first in vitro study.

Purpose: The effect of a combination of polymyxin B (PMB) and vancomycin (VAN) was assessed against six Acinetobacter baumannii clinical isolates belonging to six different clusters (three PMB-susceptible and three PMB-resistant).

Methodology: The synergistic effect of the PMB-VAN combination was determined with the checkerboard, time-kill, disk-diffusion and M.I.

Epidemiologic surveillance of multidrug-resistant bacteria in a teaching hospital: A 3-year experience.

Background: The objective of this prospective study was to verify the effectiveness of a multidisciplinary surveillance program that was implemented in a teaching hospital in southern Brazil, to prevent and control the spread of multidrug-resistant organisms.

Methods: The program implemented involved establishment of prevention guidelines, hand-hygiene promotion, isolation of patients colonized or infected by such organisms, enforced contact precautions, and terminal cleaning and disinfection of isolation rooms. A microbiology service, previously provided by an external laboratory, was established in the hospital.

Occurrence of herpes simplex virus 1 and three periodontal bacteria in patients with chronic periodontitis and necrotic pulp.

Viral and bacterial associations appear to be implicated in the development of periodontal infections. Little information is available describing the periodontopathic agents in root canals with necrotic pulp. In this study, the occurrence and the combinations among herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) and Dialister pneumosintes, Tannerella forsythia, and Treponema denticola in patients with chronic periodontitis and necrotic pulp were evaluated.