Exploring the Nicotine-Parkinson's disease link - Insights from the UK Biobank.

Introduction: Evidence suggests an inverse correlation between smoking and Parkinson's disease (PD), yet the mechanisms remain unclear. This study examines the changing risk relationship between smoking and PD diagnosis using alcohol consumption, another reward-driven behavior, as a comparative measure.

Methods: A nested case-control study was conducted using the UK Biobank (UKBB) database.

Sleep disorders and mortality: A prospective study in the Canadian longitudinal study on aging.

Background And Objectives: Sleep disorders are commonly linked to various health conditions, although it remains unclear to what degree they are linked with overall mortality. We compared mortality in different self-reported sleep disorders in a large population-based prospective study.

Methods: In this case-control study within the CLSA cohort, participants completed a questionnaire at baseline (2011-2015) measuring overall sleep satisfaction, daily sleep duration, sleep-onset and sleep-maintenance insomnia, daytime somnolence, REM sleep behavior disorder (RBD), restless leg syndrome (RLS), and obstructive sleep apnea (OSA).

Effects of Season and Daylight Saving Time Shifts on Sleep Symptoms: Canadian Longitudinal Study on Aging.

Background And Objectives: There has been conflicting evidence regarding the association between seasonal changes and daylight saving time (DST) and sleep disorders. This topic is of particular interest currently because the United States and Canada are considering the elimination of seasonal clock changes. The aim of this study was to compare sleep symptoms among participants who were interviewed in different seasons and before/after the transition into DST and standard time (ST).

Status of breast cancer screening strategies and indicators in Iran: A scoping review.

Background: This scoping review aimed to investigate the status of breast cancer (BC) preventive behaviors and screening indicators among Iranian women in the past 15 years. BC, as the most common cancer in women, represents nearly a quarter (23%) of all cancers. Presenting the comprehensive view of preventive modalities of BC in the past 15 years in Iran may provide a useful perspective for future research to establish efficient services for timely diagnosis and control of the disease.

Cardiovascular Risk Factors and Phenoconversion to Neurodegenerative Synucleinopathies in Idiopathic REM Sleep Behavior Disorder.

Several studies have suggested that atherosclerotic diseases and diabetes may be risk factors for α-synucleinopathies. This prospective cohort study evaluated whether cardiovascular diseases and metabolic risk factors alter the rate or type of phenoconversion from idiopathic/isolated REM sleep behavior disorder (iRBD) to parkinsonism or dementia. Polysomnography-confirmed iRBD patients recruited between 2004 and 2020 were followed annually.

Self-Report versus Clinician Examination in Early Parkinson's Disease.

Background: Evaluating the discrepancies between patient-reported measures and clinician examination has implications for formulating individual treatment regimens.

Objective: This study investigated the association between health outcomes and level of self-reported motor-related function impairment relative to clinician-examined motor signs.

Methods: Recently diagnosed PD patients were evaluated using the Parkinson's Progression Marker Initiative (PPMI, N = 420) and the PASADENA phase II clinical trial (N = 316).

Sleep Disorders and Future Diagnosis of Parkinsonism: A Prospective Study Using the Canadian Longitudinal Study on Aging.

Background: Earlier detection of parkinsonism, specifically during its prodromal stage, may be key to preventing its progression. Previous studies have produced contradictory results on the association between sleep symptoms and prodromal parkinsonism.

Objective: We conducted a prospective study within the Canadian Longitudinal Study on Aging (CLSA) to determine whether self-reported symptoms of insomnia, somnolence, apnea, and restless legs syndrome predate the diagnosis of parkinsonism after three years of follow-up.

Restless Leg Syndrome and Objectively-Measured Atherosclerosis in the Canadian Longitudinal Study on Aging.

Background: Previous studies suggest associations between restless leg syndrome (RLS) and atherosclerosis, but these have primarily been based upon subjective atherosclerotic measures.

Objective: We evaluated associations between RLS and an objective indicator of atherosclerosis, namely carotid intima-media thickness (cIMT).

Methods: In this cross-sectional study among 30,097 Canadian Longitudinal Study on Aging (CLSA) participants, we used a four-item questionnaire to screen for probable-RLS.

Effects of menopause on sleep quality and sleep disorders: Canadian Longitudinal Study on Aging.

Objectives: Sleep complaints are common during the menopause transition. However, it is difficult to disentangle changes in sleep related to aging from those directly due to menopause. We compared sleep disorders in 45 to 60-year-old women in a large population-based study, according to menopausal status.

Juvenile Hemochromatosis in Iran: A Case Report with 5-Year Follow-up after Treatment.

Juvenile hemochromatosis is a rare autosomal recessive disorder that typically occurs in the first to third decades of life. Its symptoms are more acute and severe than classic hemochromatosis. We describe a 27-year-old man who was referred to the gastrointestinal clinic with a probable diagnosis of fatty liver and was finally diagnosed as having juvenile hemochromatosis.