Susceptibility of calves to porcine circovirus-2 (PCV2).

Circoviruses are known to infect pigs and birds and cause severe diseases with various clinical signs. Porcine circovirus-2 (PCV2), associated with severe economic losses, was detected in rodents, mosquitoes, cattle, and in calves affected with bovine neonatal pancytopenia (BNP). However, molecular and serological investigations on circovirus infections in cattle revealed inconsistent results.

Possible effects of glyphosate on Mucorales abundance in the rumen of dairy cows in Germany.

Glyphosate (N-phosphonomethyl glycine) is registered as a herbicide for many food and non-food crops, as well as non-crop areas where total vegetation control is desired. Glyphosate influences the soil mycobiota; however, the possible effect of glyphosate residues in animal feed (soybean, corn, etc.) on animal mycobiota is almost unknown.

Chronic botulism in a Saxony dairy farm: sources, predisposing factors, development of the disease and treatment possibilities.

The aim of this study is to investigate Clostridium botulinum at a Saxony dairy farm with 159 cows and 18 heifers. The animals exhibited clinical symptoms of chronic botulism. To determine the source of the infection, feces, blood, organs, and gastrointestinal fluids of dead or euthanized cows; as well as soil, water, silage and manure were tested for C.

Detection of pathogenic clostridia in biogas plant wastes.

As the number of biogas plants has grown rapidly in the last decade, the amount of potentially contaminated wastes with pathogenic Clostridium spp. has increased as well. This study reports the results from examining 203 biogas plant wastes (BGWs).

Repellent effect of Lagenaria siceraria extracts against Culex pipiens.

Ethanolic, acetone and petroleum ether extracts from leaves and stems of Lagenaria siceraria (Cucurbitaceae) were screened for their repellency effect against Culex pipiens L. mosquito. The repellent action of the present plant extracts were varied depending on the plant parts and the dose of extract.

Genomics, phylogeny and in silico analysis of mitochondrial glutathione S-transferase-kappa from the camel Camelus dromedarius.

The domesticated one-humped camel, Camelus dromedarius, is one of the most important animals in the Arabian Peninsula. For most of its life, this species is exposed to both intrinsic and extrinsic genotoxic factors that cause gross DNA alterations in many organisms. GST enzymes constitute an important supergene family involved in protection against the deleterious effects of oxidative stress and xenobiotics.

Relationship between gastrointestinal dysbiosis and Clostridium botulinum in dairy cows.

The gastrointestinal tract is a balanced ecosystem that can get out of balance and predisposed to clostridial diseases or other pathological conditions. The objective of the present study was to evaluate the gut microbiota in dairy cows suffering from chronic botulism. Cows were investigated for Clostridium (C.

Necrotic enteritis in chickens: development of a straightforward disease model system.

The interaction between Eimeria species and Clostridium perfringens was investigated in two different necrotic enteritis (NE) models: 120-day-old broilers were used in two separate experiments consisting of six groups (n=10) each. Besides controls, chickens were infected with coccidia on study day (SD) 18 (Eimeria maxima and Eimeria acervulina (experiment 1) or Eimeria tenella and Eimeria brunetti (experiment 2) and/or a NetB toxin positive C perfringens strain (both experiments: SD 14 or SD 22, respectively)). Body weight, feed intake, mortality rate, clinical disease, Eimeria species oocyst excretion and C perfringens counts were recorded.

Associations of three lipoprotein lipase gene polymorphisms, lipid profiles and coronary artery disease.

Lipoprotein lipase (LPL) plays a central role in lipoprotein metabolism by hydrolyzing the core triglycerides (TGs) of circulating chylomicrons and very-low-density lipoprotein (VLDL). The effects of LPL polymorphisms on lipid levels and coronary artery disease (CAD) have been inconsistent among studies and populations. To assess the lipid profiles and distributions of three LPL gene polymorphisms in Saudi patients with CAD, the dIII, II and Ser447Ter polymorphisms in the LPL gene were analyzed in 226 patients with CAD and 110 controls.

Influence of the gut microbiota on blood acute-phase proteins.

Little is known about the bovine intestinal microbiota influence on systemic innate immune responses. The objective of the present study was to determine relationships between acute-phase proteins in blood serum of cows [C-reactive protein (CRP), LPS-binding protein (LBP) and haptoglobin (Hp)] and the faecal microbiota. Fifty-two healthy cows (2-8 years old) were investigated.

Neutralization of the antimicrobial effect of glyphosate by humic acid in vitro.

In the present study, the neutralization ability of the antimicrobial effect of glyphosate by different humic acids was investigated. The minimal inhibitory concentrations of glyphosate for different bacteria such as Bacillus badius, Bifidobacterium adolescentis, Escherichia coli, E. coli 1917 strain Nissle, Enterococcus faecalis, Enterococcus faecium, Salmonella enteritidis and Salmonella typhimurium were determined in the presence or absence of different concentrations of humic acid (0.

Efficacy of early treatment with toltrazuril in prevention of coccidiosis and necrotic enteritis in chickens.

In the present study, efficacy of the toltrazuril treatment for prevention of coccidiosis and necrotic enteritis was tested. Ninety-six 14-day-old commercial broiler chickens were caged and divided into eight groups (n=12), designated groups 1 to 8. Chickens of groups 1 to 6 were inoculated orally at 18 days of age with 25,000 oocysts of Eimeria tenella and 75,000 oocysts of Eimeria brunetti.

Efficacy of Clostridium botulinum types C and D toxoid vaccination in Danish cows.

In the present study the efficacy Botulism vaccine (formalinised aluminum hydroxide gel adsorbed toxoid of Clostridium botulinum types C and D) was evaluated in four Danish dairy cows under field conditions. Other four dairy herds were unvaccinated. Blood serum of all animals was analyzed for specific C.

Safety and efficacy of a metabolic drift live attenuated Salmonella Gallinarum vaccine against fowl typhoid.

Fowl typhoid (FT), a systemic disease that results in septicemia in poultry, is caused by Salmonella enterica serovar Gallinarum biovar Gallinarum (SG). Mortality and morbidity rates from FT can reach up to 80%. Attenuated live Salmonella vaccine candidates have received considerable attention because they confer solid immunity, and they can produce systemic and mucosal immunity in the gut when administered orally.

Embryonated chicken eggs as an alternative model for mixed Clostridium perfringens and Eimeria tenella infection in chickens.

The chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) of chicken embryo eggs is a suitable model for viral and bacterial infections. In the present study, a new approach for testing the pathogenesis and virulence of Clostridium perfringens and Eimeria tenella dual infections as a model using the CAM of embryonated chicken eggs was developed. For this purpose, 24 specific pathogen-free (SPF) embryonated chicken eggs were divided into four groups (n = 6) and designated group E, group CP, group CPE, and NC.

Glyphosate suppresses the antagonistic effect of Enterococcus spp. on Clostridium botulinum.

During the last 10-15 years, an increase of Clostridium botulinum associated diseases in cattle has been observed in Germany. The reason for this development is currently unknown. The normal intestinal microflora is a critical factor in preventing intestinal colonisation by C.

p16INK4A represses breast stromal fibroblasts migration/invasion and their VEGF-A-dependent promotion of angiogenesis through Akt inhibition.

Stromal fibroblasts, the most abundant and probably the most active cellular component of breast cancer-associated stroma, become active and promote angiogenesis through paracrine effects. However, it still unclear how these processes are regulated. Here, we have shown that down-regulation of the tumor suppressor p16(INK4A) protein enhances the migration/invasion abilities of breast stromal fibroblasts, which form dendritic network of extensions into matrigel.

Chicken embryo origin-like strains are responsible for Infectious laryngotracheitis virus outbreaks in Egyptian cross-bred broiler chickens.

Infectious laryngotracheitis virus (ILTV) continues to cause respiratory disease in Egypt in spite of vaccination. The currently available modified live ILTV vaccines provide good protection but may also induce latent infections and even clinical disease if they spread extensively from bird-to-bird in the field. Four field ILTV isolates, designated ILT-Behera2007, ILT-Giza2007, ILT-Behera2009, and ILT-Behera2010 were isolated from cross-bred broiler chickens.

Polymorphism in vitamin D receptor and osteoprotegerin genes in Egyptian rheumatoid arthritis patients with and without osteoporosis.

1α,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D3 upregulates the expression of the receptor activator of nuclear factor kB ligand (RANKL), and downregulates osteoprotegerin (OPG) expression. We tested the effects of polymorphisms in the vitamin D receptor gene (VDR), and OPG gene in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients and healthy controls and their relationship to bone mineral density (BMD) and development of osteoporosis. Three hundred and fifty women were evaluated, 200 women having RA and 150 healthy control.

The effect of glyphosate on potential pathogens and beneficial members of poultry microbiota in vitro.

The use of glyphosate modifies the environment which stresses the living microorganisms. The aim of the present study was to determine the real impact of glyphosate on potential pathogens and beneficial members of poultry microbiota in vitro. The presented results evidence that the highly pathogenic bacteria as Salmonella Entritidis, Salmonella Gallinarum, Salmonella Typhimurium, Clostridium perfringens and Clostridium botulinum are highly resistant to glyphosate.

p16(INK4A) represses the paracrine tumor-promoting effects of breast stromal fibroblasts.

Cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs), the most abundant and probably the most active cellular component of breast cancer-associated stroma, promote carcinogenesis through paracrine effects; however, the molecular basis remains elusive. We have shown here that p16(INK4A) expression is reduced in 83% CAFs as compared with their normal adjacent counterparts cancer-free tissues isolated from the same patients. This decrease is mainly due to AUF1-dependent higher turnover of the CDKN2A mRNA in CAFs.

Effects of curcumin and Ginkgo biloba on matrix metalloproteinases gene expression and other biomarkers of inflammatory bowel disease.

Treatment of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) by synthetic active ingredients leads to many side effects. The objective of this study was to manage IBD using natural products as curcumin and Ginkgo biloba. Rats were divided into four groups (control, IBD, curcumin treated, and ginkgo treated).

Value of conventional and tissue Doppler echocardiography in the noninvasive measurement of right atrial pressure.

Background: Evaluation of right atrial pressure (RAP) provides useful diagnostic, therapeutic, and prognostic information.

Aim: To assess the utility of several conventional and tissue Doppler parameters in the estimation of RAP.

Methods: Among 50 consecutive patients (median age: 50 years; all in sinus rhythm), invasively measured RAP was simultaneously correlated with pulsed Doppler of tricuspid inflow (peak E and A velocities, E-wave deceleration time) and pulsed tissue Doppler of lateral tricuspid annulus (peak E' and A' velocities, isovolumic relaxation time [IVRT], acceleration time and rate of E'-wave, deceleration time and rate of E'-wave).

Fully programmable single-photon detection module for InGaAs/InP single-photon avalanche diodes with clean and sub-nanosecond gating transitions.

We present the design and characterization of a modern near-infrared photon counting module, able to exploit the best performance of InGaAs/InP single-photon avalanche diodes for the detection of fast and faint optical signals up to 1.7 μm. Such instrument is suitable for many applications, thanks to the user-friendly interface and the fully adjustable settings of all operating parameters.