The mouse HP1 proteins are essential for preventing liver tumorigenesis.

Chromatin organization is essential for appropriate interpretation of the genetic information. Here, we demonstrated that the chromatin-associated proteins HP1 are dispensable for hepatocytes survival but are essential within hepatocytes to prevent liver tumor development in mice with HP1β being pivotal in these functions. Yet, we found that the loss of HP1 per se is not sufficient to induce cell transformation but renders cells more resistant to specific stress such as the expression of oncogenes and thus in fine, more prone to cell transformation.

Antibiotic utilisation in adult and children patients in Kosovo hospitals.

Objectives: There are no reliable data on antibiotic use in Kosovo hospitals. The aim of this survey was to monitor volumes and patterns of antibiotic use in hospitalised patients in order to identify targets for quality improvement.

Methods: Data on antimicrobial use were collected from seven hospitals in Kosovo during 2013 using the standardised point prevalence survey (PPS) methodology as developed by the ESAC (European Surveillance of Antimicrobial Consumption) and ARPEC (Antibiotic Resistance and Prescribing in European Children).

Endoscopic Endonasal Surgery for Removal of Pituitary Adenomas: A Surgical Case Series of Treatment Results Using Different 2- and 3-Dimensional Visualization Systems.

Background: Endoscopic endonasal transsphenoidal surgery (EETS) is a common treatment for patients with pituitary adenomas (PAs). A disadvantage of endoscopic surgery has been the lack of stereoscopic vision and depth perception. Recent developments offer high-definition 3-dimensional (3D-HD) visualization with a higher resolution and better image quality compared with 3D standard endoscopy (3D-SD).